航空学报2026，Vol.47Issue(3)：1-19,19.DOI:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32635
基于反向散射的定位技术:原理与挑战及航空场景应用
Backscatter based localization technology:Principles,challenges and its aviation applications
摘要
Abstract
Backscatter communication,an emerging technology in passive Internet of Things(IoT),enables data transmission by modulating reflected ambient or dedicated radio frequency signals.It offers core advantages including ultra-low power consumption,low cost,easy deployment,and maintenance.In recent years,standards organizations such as 3GPP and CCSA have prioritized passive IoT development,with particular emphasis on advancing passive sensing and localization capabilities.Against this technical backdrop,backscatter technology has emerged as a critical solution for low-power positioning,leveraging its ultra-low power attributes in operational environments.This paper fo-cuses specifically on backscatter positioning technology.We elucidate its low-power communication principles,trace its technical evolution,and provide a comprehensive review of prevalent localization algorithms alongside their latest research advances.Based on this foundation,the paper explores the critical technical challenges faced by this tech-nology.Furthermore,significant application potential of backscatter localization within the aviation sector is high-lighted,focusing on key scenarios such as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV)-based material delivery and disaster search-and-rescue operations,as well as airline baggage tracking and ground vehicle positioning at civil aviation airports.关键词
反向散射通信/物联网/定位技术/航空场景/无人机/智慧机场Key words
backscatter communication/Internet of Things/positioning technology/aviation scenarios/unmanned aerial vehicle/smart airport分类
航空航天引用本文复制引用
张陈鹏,艾渤,王公仆,刘铭,许荣涛..基于反向散射的定位技术:原理与挑战及航空场景应用[J].航空学报,2026,47(3):1-19,19.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(U22B2004,62221001) （U22B2004,62221001）
北京市自然科学基金(L222002,L244008) National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22B2004,62221001) （L222002,L244008）
Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L222002,L244008) （L222002,L244008）
