昆虫学报2025，Vol.68Issue(12)：1750-1764,15.DOI:10.16380/j.kcxb.2025.12.012
果蝇蘑菇体多巴胺能神经元回路及功能研究进展
Research progress in the dopaminergic neuron circuits and their functions in the mushroom body of Drosophila
摘要
Abstract
The architecture of the mushroom body is similar to the cerebellum of mammals.As a learning center in the insect brain,the mushroom body plays an important role in the associative learning of sensory information and behaviors.In the mushroom body,neuromodulators released by dopaminergic neurons significantly affect synaptic plasticity and regulate the learning process.This review aims to summarize the research progress of related neurons in the mushroom body of Drosophila in the past two decades,with a special focus on the research related to the dopaminergic neurons,and summarizing the main characteristics of the circuit structure and potential functions of the related neurons.The mushroom body has a canonical capability of sparse coding and multiple compartments for learning different behaviors,which are well-studied in the context of olfactory learning.Dopaminergic neurons convey reward signals,which affect the synaptic strength from Kenyon cells to mushroom body output neurons,thereby regulating insect behaviors.Earlier studies simply considered the unconditioned stimulus signals as the input source of dopaminergic neurons.Recent studies have revealed that dopaminergic neurons form complex recurrent connections with Kenyon cells and mushroom body output neurons to regulate the release of dopamine,which enhances the ability to regulate reinforcement signals and learning adaptability.Further research on different clusters of dopaminergic neurons suggests that independent and collaborative connections between clusters enable efficient encoding of reward and punishment memories.The development of the emerging technologies,such as electron microscopy and high-precision three-dimensional reconstruction,promotes the construction of the Drosophila connectome,providing new opportunities for analyzing the reward mechanisms of the dopaminergic neurons.These research results on mushroom body dopaminergic neurons not only play a key role in the analysis of insect reward mechanisms but also provide important references and new interpretations for the research of learning under reward by other animals even humans.With the assistance of artificial intelligence,it is expected to reveal the differences in brain function of Drosophila at different developmental stages and promote further understanding of the learning regulation mechanism of mushroom body.关键词
果蝇/蘑菇体/多巴胺能神经元/奖励回路/联想学习Key words
Drosophila/mushroom body/dopaminergic neuron/reward circuit/associative learning分类
生物科学引用本文复制引用
魏天骐,王强..果蝇蘑菇体多巴胺能神经元回路及功能研究进展[J].昆虫学报,2025,68(12):1750-1764,15.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(62206319) （62206319）
广东省自然科学基金面上项目(2023A1515011407) （2023A1515011407）
