丝绸2026，Vol.63Issue(3)：72-80,9.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2026.03.008
石墨烯/水性聚氨酯复合传感器的制备及其性能
Preparation and properties of graphene/waterborne polyurethane composite sensors
摘要
Abstract
With the rapid development of wearable electronics,electronic skin,and intelligent human-machine interaction technologies,flexible pressure sensors have emerged as critical components due to their lightweight structure,high flexibility,and excellent mechanical compliance.They hold great promise for applications in health monitoring,motion analysis,and robotic tactile perception.However,despite remarkable progress in this field,flexible pressure sensors still face significant challenges when applied in real-world scenarios.Achieving high sensitivity often comes at the cost of durability,while issues related to environmental friendliness,long-term comfort,and biocompatibility remain unsolved.Moreover,conventional fabrication processes frequently rely on hazardous organic solvents,which directly conflict with the global vision of green manufacturing and sustainable development.To address these limitations,the present work aims to develop a new generation of high-performance,environmentally friendly flexible piezoresistive sensors that balance excellent sensing performance with practical requirements for comfort,durability,and scalability. In this study,we proposed a fabrication strategy based on a composite system of waterborne polyurethane(WPU)and graphene(Gr).First,WPU with tunable mechanical properties was synthesized as the flexible matrix through molecular design and process optimization.With water as the dispersion medium,this approach aligns with green chemistry principles.Second,graphene,chosen for its exceptional conductivity,was incorporated as a functional filler.A systematic optimization of the Gr/WPU ratio ensured homogeneous dispersion of graphene within the polymer matrix and the formation of a stable and efficient conductive network.On this foundation,a polyester(PES)textile was functionalized through a simple dip-coating process,allowing the uniform deposition of the Gr/WPU composite.By further combining advanced knitting techniques,we constructed a unique three-dimensional rhombus microstructure within the fabric.This microstructural innovation significantly enhances the deformation response and sensitivity of the sensor,forming the basis of its superior performance.Finally,a high-performance sandwich-structured arrayed flexible piezoresistive sensor was successfully fabricated by optimizing the design of the sensor's dielectric layer.The proposed fabrication method not only enables the environmentally friendly production of graphene-based piezoresistive sensors but also offers a scalable and cost-effective route toward large-scale manufacturing. Comprehensive experimental evaluations confirm the outstanding performance of the developed Gr/WPU composite sensor.In the low-pressure range,the device exhibits a sensitivity of 0.06301 kPa-1 and maintains a broad detection window from 0 to 40 kPa.Its response time is less than 1 second,enabling rapid signal acquisition,while its mechanical robustness allows it to withstand more than 9 000 continuous loading-unloading cycles without significant degradation.Beyond its electrical and mechanical reliability,the sensor demonstrates excellent wearability features.It retains its functionality after repeated machine washing,indicating strong washability,and possesses an air permeability of approximately 129.19 mm/s,which ensures comfort and breathability during long-term wear.These well-balanced properties demonstrate that the sensor can effectively integrate high-performance sensing with user-centered comfort and durability. To further validate its practical potential,we constructed a high-density sitting posture monitoring system based on the proposed sensor.The system integrates 1 600 sensing units distributed across a sensing area of 2 500 cm2,enabling the dynamic and precise mapping of real-time sitting pressure distribution.Through intuitive data visualization,users can receive immediate feedback regarding posture conditions.This system provides a valuable tool for correcting poor sitting habits and for the early detection of health risks associated with prolonged sedentary behavior.The successful demonstration confirms the versatility of the proposed sensor platform and its potential to contribute to preventive healthcare and personalized health management. In summary,the research presents a new,green,and scalable fabrication strategy for high-performance flexible piezoresistive sensors.By leveraging the synergistic properties of waterborne polyurethane and graphene,and by integrating an innovative textile microstructural design,we successfully achieved a unified balance of sensing performance,mechanical durability,and long-term wearability.The results establish not only a promising approach for sustainable sensor fabrication but also a solid foundation for the application of flexible pressure sensors in next-generation wearable electronics,electronic skin,and smart home systems.These innovations mark a significant step toward the widespread adoption of sustainable and user-friendly flexible electronic technologies.关键词
压阻式传感器/水性聚氨酯/石墨烯/针织技术/导电织物/坐姿压力分布监测Key words
piezoresistive sensor/waterborne polyurethane/graphene/knitting technology/conductive textile/sitting pressure distribution monitoring分类
轻工纺织引用本文复制引用
瞿砚凝,陈富星,李娟,覃丽孟,白濛,陈夏婷,白洁,刘红,刘丹,田明伟..石墨烯/水性聚氨酯复合传感器的制备及其性能[J].丝绸,2026,63(3):72-80,9.基金项目
山东省重点研发计划资助项目(2024CXGC010411) （2024CXGC010411）
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3805802) （2022YFB3805802）
国家自然科学基金项目(52473307、22208178、62301290) （52473307、22208178、62301290）
泰山学者工程专项经费项目(tsqn202211116) （tsqn202211116）
山东省青创科技创新团队项目(2023KJ223) （2023KJ223）
