石油科学通报2026，Vol.11Issue(1)：114-130,17.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2026.02.004
油气开发工程诱发地震研究现状及未来展望
Research and overview of the current status and prospects of seismic induced by oil and gas development engineering
摘要
Abstract
China possesses vast and widely distributed oil and gas resources,characterized by significant development potential and rapid growth in their exploitation.However,the exploration and development of unconventional resources such as shale gas and tight oil remain at an early stage.As domestic demand for oil and gas continues to rise,the extraction of deep unconventional resources has consequently become a major focus in national energy engineering.A common practice in unconventional oil and gas production involves large-scale fluid injection into deep geological formations.Such injection disturbs the in-situ stress field and alters the stress state of subsurface faults,which may lead to fault instability,slip,and subsequently induced seismicity.Therefore,evaluating and mitigating such anthropogenic seismic risks has become a critically important issue for achieving safe and sustainable resource development.In recent years,seismic events have been monitored during the production phases of multiple deep energy projects worldwide.Post-earthquake analyses indicate a clear spatiotemporal correlation between these events and fault activation or instability triggered directly by fluid injection.Notable examples include geothermal projects in Pohang,South Korea,and Basel,Switzerland,which were suspended due to significant induced earthquakes.In fact,geological conditions in China's oil and gas fields are often more complex,making it difficult to accurately predict fault slip conditions,specific slip patterns,and displacement,or to determine optimal operational parameters near fault-developed zones.To balance benefits and risks in unconventional resource development,predicting and preventing the associated environmental geological issues and seismic hazards caused by deep energy extraction has become an urgent challenge.This study reviews typical cases of induced seismicity in energy projects globally,with a focus on analyzing the underlying stress conditions and the detailed triggering mechanisms of fault instability and slip at development sites.It systematically summarizes fault slip instability modes,established criteria for induced seismicity,estimated affected ranges,and current magnitude prediction models.The influence of both anthropogenic engineering factors and inherent environmental geological conditions on induced seismic events during de-velopment is also thoroughly discussed.Finally,this study summarizes the major unresolved issues and key technical challenges that need to be addressed in current research,and outlines potential future research directions through three primary approaches:numerical simulation,experimental methods,and enhanced field monitoring.The work contributes to a deeper fundamental understanding of human induced seismicity from oil and gas operations,and holds practical implications and considerable engineering value for mitigating or preventing potential seismic hazards.关键词
油气开发工程/水力压裂/断层滑移/诱发地震/地震预测模型Key words
oil and gas development projects/hydraulic fracturing/fault slip/induced earthquake/seismic prediction models分类
通用工业技术引用本文复制引用
孙子涵,李玉伟,唐慧敏,彭根博,陈天宇,崔光磊,陈胜男..油气开发工程诱发地震研究现状及未来展望[J].石油科学通报,2026,11(1):114-130,17.基金项目
辽宁省"兴辽英才计划"项目(XLYC2203100)和辽宁省博士启动项目(2025-BS-0291)联合资助 （XLYC2203100）
