植物营养与肥料学报2026，Vol.32Issue(1)：24-36,13.DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2025135
东北薄层黑土区实现玉米高产高效的有机肥替代化肥氮阈值
Threshold of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen for achieving high yield and efficiency of maize production in thin layer black soil region of Northeast China
摘要
Abstract
[Objectives]The comprehensive effects of organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer nitrogen(N)on maize yield,N absorption and utilization,and soil N supply were investigated in thin layer black soil region of Northeast China,in order to clarify the suitable proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer N and provide a theoretical basis for scientific application of organic fertilizer.[Methods]In this study,the field-located experiment was conducted in Gongzhuling City of Jilin Province from 2022 to 2024,using maize cultivar'Fumin 985'as the test materials,and the average thickness of the tested black soil layer was 29 cm.The treatments comprised a no nitrogen application(N0)control,a chemical fertilizer only control(NPK),and five organic substitution ratios:10%(M10%),20%(M20%),30%(M30%),40%(M40%),and 50%(M50%).During the key growth stages of maize,measurements were taken for leaf area index,dry matter and N accumulation.At maturing stage,maize yield and its components were investigated.Soil samples were collected from 0 to 100 cm depth to analyze inorganic N content,with an interval of 20 cm,at these key growth stages.[Results]Over the three-year period,the average yields under M10%,M20%and M30%treatments were higher than those of NPK treatment,among them,the increase in M20%treatment was 6.4%,primarily due to increased kernel number per ear and 100-kernel weight.With the increase in organic fertilizer substitution proportion,the leaf area index,N accumulation and translocation,and the contribution rate of translocated N to grain all showed a trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing.The N recovery efficiency(REN),N agronomic efficiency(AEN),and N partial factor productivity(PFPN)followed the same trend,with the peak values observed at M20%treatment.M10%and M30%treatments did not significantly increase these indicators,whereas M40%and M50%treatments showed a decline,with M50%treatment showing a statistically significant reduction.Compared to NPK treatment,M10%,M20%and M30%treatments significantly boosted the inorganic N contents of 0-20 cm soil from the silking stage to the maturing stage,while reducing the inorganic N contents and apparent N loss amounts in the 60-100 cm soil layer at maturity.The fitting analysis of the organic substitution proportion against maize yield,N recovery efficiency,and apparent N loss revealed that the optimal substitution proportion ranged from 15.6%to 21.1%.[Conclusions]In thin-layer black soil region of Northeast China,the substitution proportion of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer should be maintained within a range of 15.6%-21.1%.This substitution proportion can enhance the soil's capacity to supply inorganic N from silking to filling stage,promote N uptake from the silking to the maturing stage,and improve maize yield and N utilization efficiency,and reduce N loss.关键词
薄层黑土区/玉米/有机肥替代氮肥比例/氮素积累/产量/土壤无机氮Key words
thin layer black soil region/maize/proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer nitrogen/nitrogen accumulation/yield/soil inorganic nitrogen引用本文复制引用
孔丽丽,张宇航,侯云鹏,尹彩侠,张磊,刘志全,徐新朋..东北薄层黑土区实现玉米高产高效的有机肥替代化肥氮阈值[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2026,32(1):24-36,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1501104) （2023YFD1501104）
吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024ZY014) （CXGC2024ZY014）
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20220302004NC). （20220302004NC）
