农业机械学报2026，Vol.57Issue(6)：78-90,13.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2026.06.008
油麦兼用气送式集排器随速控制系统设计与试验
Design and Experiment of Speed-adaptive Control System for Rapeseed and Wheat Air-assisted Centralized Metering Device
摘要
Abstract
Aiming at the problems existing in the open-loop electric-driven seeding process of rapeseed and wheat for the current centralized air-conveyed combined seeder for rapeseed and wheat,such as the lack of dynamic response of seeding rate to the operating speed of the machine and real-time monitoring of the machine's operating status,which result in large errors in the actual seeding rate of the seeder and cumbersome operation procedures for the operator,a speed-adaptive control system for rapeseed and wheat air-assisted centralized metering device was designed.The system was controlled by an STM32 microcontroller.Utilizing human-machine interface information exchange to adjust the seeding rate,precise speed measurement via non-contact radar,and real-time operation posture detection through an inclination sensor,it realized the selection of seeding conditions and accurate identification of the operation state for the seeder,combining with the speed adjustment of the metering device and the dynamic matching of the metering device's drive logic,the automatic control of the electric drive seeding for rapeseed and wheat was achieved.The experimental results showed that the radar field speed measurement method had an error of no more than 2.76％and a stability variation coefficient of no more than 4.12％under different ground conditions,significantly outperforming the ground wheel encoder speed measurement method.The inclination sensor had an angle detection error of 0.13°～0.15°,enabling accurate detection of the seeder's operating posture.Under the field seeding conditions,the control system could achieve speed-adaptive seeding for both rapeseed and wheat at different operating speeds,with the control errors of rapeseed and wheat sowing rates being less than 2％and 3.5％,respectively.The field experiment results showed that when the seeder equipped with the speed-adaptive control system was actually used in field operation,the consistency variation coefficients of the number of plants per row for rapeseed and wheat were 8.59％and 12.96％,respectively,meeting the requirements of the sowing operation standard for rapeseed and wheat.Moreover,compared with the traditional open-loop uniform speed drive method of the seed metering motor,the consistency variation coefficients of the number of plants per row for rapeseed and wheat were decreased by 8.33 percentage points and 5.06 percentage points,respectively.关键词
油菜/小麦/随速控制系统/兼用排种/气送式集排器Key words
rapeseed/wheat/speed-adaptive control system/dual-purpose seeding/air-assisted centralized metering device分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
施彬彬,覃绍礼,段凯,李文成,廖庆喜,廖宜涛..油麦兼用气送式集排器随速控制系统设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2026,57(6):78-90,13.基金项目
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600503)、华中农业大学"要术开物计划"培育项目(2662025GXPY004)和国家现代油菜产业技术体系油菜耕种机械化岗位(CARS-12-27) （2021YFD1600503）
