四川农业大学学报2026，Vol.44Issue(1)：59-70,12.DOI:10.16036/j.issn.1000-2650.202501655
播期对三江源高寒区燕麦生长、产量和品质的影响
Effects of Sowing Dates on Growth,Yield,and Quality of Oats in the Alpine Region of the Three-River-Source Area
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study aimed to screen superior oat(Avena sativa L.)cultivars and optimal sowing dates for alpine regions of the Three-River-Source area,providing enriched forage resources for winter-spring supplementation and disaster-resistant livestock reserves.[Method]Three cold-adapted oat cultivars('Qingyin No.2','Baiyan No.7','Qinghai Sweet Oat')were evaluated across four sowing dates(May 15,22,29,and June 4,2024).Agronomic traits,yield quality,photosynthetic characteris-tics,and comprehensive performance(via Principal Component Analysis and Membership Function evaluation)were systematically analyzed.[Result]The lowest dry matter yield(9 617.36 kg·ha-1)occurred in 'Qingyin No.2' sown on May 15,while 'Baiyan No.7' sown on May 29 achieved peak produc-tivity(13 779.27 kg/hm2),representing a 43.27%increase(P<0.05).This treatment also maximized crude protein(CP:8.68%)and ether extract(EE:5.70%),surpassing May 29-sown 'Qingyin No.2' by 5.60%and 11.11%,respectively(P<0.05),with superior total digestible nutrients(TDN:63.90),rela-tive feed value(RFV:109.50),and forage quality index(RFQ:138.17).Fresh/dry ratios peaked at 3.39 for May 15-sown 'Qingyin No.2' and June 4-sown 'Qinghai Sweet Oat',but minimized to 2.57 for May 29-sown 'Baiyan No.7'.Soluble sugar(SS)content peaked in May 22-sown 'Qinghai Sweet Oat'(23.26%higher than May 15-sown 'Qingyin No.2').Acid/neutral detergent fiber(ADF/NDF)decreased with delayed sowing,while tiller number and stem diameter increased.Photosynthetic parameters(Pn,Ci,Gs,SPAD)maximized in May 29-sown 'Baiyan No.7'(18.92 μmol/(m²·s),464.51 μmol/(m²·s),424.87 mmol/(m2·s),61.07),whereas transpiration rate(Tr)peaked in May 15-sown 'Baiyan No.7'(5.06 mmol/(m2·s)).Membership Function analysis confirmed May 29-sown 'Baiyan No.7' as the top performer,followed by May 22-sown 'Qinghai Sweet Oat',with May 15-sown 'Qingyin No.2' ranking lowest.[Conclusion]For optimal forage yield and quality in alpine Three-River-Source regions,'Baiyan No.7' and 'Qinghai Sweet Oat' sown between May 22 and 29 are strongly recommended.关键词
三江源高寒区/播种日期/燕麦品种/生产性能/隶属函数Key words
Three-River-Source alpine region/sowing date/oat cultivars/productive performance/membership function分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
蔡宗程,吕亮雨,刘青青,张海蓉,李发毅,保善存,付守全,施建军..播期对三江源高寒区燕麦生长、产量和品质的影响[J].四川农业大学学报,2026,44(1):59-70,12.基金项目
青海省科技特派员专项(2025-NK-P25). （2025-NK-P25）
