创新科技2026，Vol.26Issue(3)：1-14,14.DOI:10.19345/j.cxkj.1671-0037.2026.3.1
论"宽容失败"激励关键核心技术突破的学理和实践逻辑
On the Theoretical and Practical Logic of"Tolerance for Failure"in Key Core Technologies Innovation
摘要
Abstract
Key core technology innovation is a crucial support for winning the initiative in in-ternational strategic competition and cultivating new quality productive forces.The"chokepoint"technologies and"game-changing"technologies involved are characterized by high uncertainty,long development cycles,high failure rates,and high knowledge complexity,which determines that their breakthrough and emergence depend on an innovation ecosystem of"encouraging inno-vation and tolerating failure".This paper focuses on two core propositions:"why we should toler-ate failure"and"how to build an ecosystem that supports tolerance for failure",and conducts re-search from both theoretical and practical dimensions.At the theoretical logic level,for the breakthrough of"chokepoint"technologies,based on organizational learning theory,this paper points out that tolerance for failure helps to achieve the incremental conquest of"chokepoint"technologies by reinforcing goal-oriented iterative learning cycles(trial,feedback,and iteration).For the forging of"game-changing"technologies,based on random search theory,tolerance for failure ensures goal-free exploration,constructs a broad search space characterized by Lévy flight,and retains key cross-domain mutation opportunities while deepening local search,thus providing the possibility for forging"game-changing"technologies.At the level of practical di-lemmas,this paper analyzes the practical difficulties faced by China.First,societal cognition has not yet fully embraced a rational understanding of technological uncertainty.Second,institu-tional arrangements continue to exhibit tensions between long-term innovation incentives and short-term performance evaluations.Third,mismatches persist between the supply structure of financial markets and the risk profile of innovation activities.To overcome these constraints,this paper draws lessons from the failure-tolerant cultures and institutional practices of leading inno-vation economies such as the United States,Germany,and Japan.In light of China's specific de-velopmental context,it proposes a systematic ecological framework encompassing four dimen-sions:innovation actors,cultural environment,institutional systems,and capital support.At the actor level,the framework advocates establishing a bounded-failure-tolerance governance mechanism that achieves a dynamic balance between tolerance and accountability.At the cul-tural level,it calls for fostering a social consensus that encourages a pioneering spirit and ratio-nal attitudes toward failure.At the institutional level,it recommends constructing flexible perfor-mance evaluation systems and phased fault-tolerance procedures.At the capital level,it empha-sizes developing patient capital pools and risk-sharing mechanisms aligned with the structural characteristics of innovation risk.关键词
宽容失败/创新容错试错/关键核心技术/耐心资本/"卡脖子"/新质生产力/科技金融/自立自强Key words
tolerance for failure/innovation tolerance/key core technology innovation/pa-tient capital/"chokepoint"technologies/new quality productive forces/Sci-Tech finance/tech-nological self-reliance分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
龚磊,王卓越,帕丽达·克里木,刘志迎..论"宽容失败"激励关键核心技术突破的学理和实践逻辑[J].创新科技,2026,26(3):1-14,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(C类)"企业宽容创新失败与关键核心技术创新:驱动机理、治理机制与系统建构研究"(72502062) （C类）
国家社会科学基金重大项目"创新链与产业链耦合的关键核心技术实现机理与突破路径研究"(22&ZD094). （22&ZD094）
