防灾减灾工程学报2026，Vol.46Issue(1)：65-73,9.DOI:10.13409/j.cnki.jdpme.20250902004
湿热盐与冻融作用下贺兰山岩画劣化机理对比研究
Comparative Study on Deterioration Mechanisms of Helan Mountain Rock Art under Hygrothermal-salt and Freeze-thaw Conditions
摘要
Abstract
Helan Mountain rock art is one of the most representative and largest ancient rock art groups in northern China,and is currently facing severe weathering threats.Based on the climatic and environmental characteristics of the Helan Mountain rock art site,this study designed two sets of labo-ratory accelerated aging tests:hygrothermal-salt cycle and freeze-thaw cycles,and employed multi-scale analytical techniques such as SEM,XRD,porosity and permeability tests and nanoindentation to systematically compare the rock deterioration effects under two environmental stresses.The results indicated that the freeze-thaw cycle primarily caused microcrack propagation through physical mecha-nisms,resulting in relatively mild deterioration.The hardness and elastic modulus decreased by only approximately 3％and 1.3％,respectively,and limited changes were observed in porosity and perme-ability.In contrast,the test results of the hygrothermal-salt cycle showed that physicochemical syner-gistic effects,including salt crystallization pressure,cement dissolution,and clay mineral expansion,caused severe damage to the rock structure,with a 69％～86％increase in permeability,a 44％reduc-tion in hardness,and a 20.3％reduction in elastic modulus,as well as particle detachment.It was re-vealed that the essence of sandstone deterioration lay in the preferential dissolution,expansion and loss of cement-phase minerals under environmental stresses such as salt damage and frost heave,which led to a significant reduction in the bonding force between rock particles,instability of the micro-structure,and ultimately the degradation of macroscopic mechanical properties and surface spalling.This study suggests that periodic desalination and humidity control can be adopted to mitigate the weathering of rock art,thereby providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the scientific conservation of Helan Mountain rock art.关键词
贺兰山岩画/砂岩劣化/湿热盐循环/冻融循环/胶结物流失Key words
Helan Mountain rock art/sandstone deterioration/hygrothermal-salt cycle/freeze-thaw cy-cle/cementing material loss分类
建筑与水利引用本文复制引用
郝泽一,王硕,仉文岗,蒋晓菁,张建国,张艳梅..湿热盐与冻融作用下贺兰山岩画劣化机理对比研究[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2026,46(1):65-73,9.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(52478325)、重庆市自然科学基金创新发展联合基金(CSTB 2022 NSCQ-LZX0001)、贺兰山岩画遗址保护项目(H20240863)资助 （52478325）
