硅酸盐学报2026，Vol.54Issue(3)：878-893,16.DOI:10.14062/j.issn.0454-5648.20250381
基于多目标寻优的低碳混凝土智能设计
Intelligent Design of Low-Carbon Concrete Based on Multi-Objective Optimization
摘要
Abstract
Introduction With increasing global emphasis on sustainable development,the CO2 emissions from concrete as the most widely used building material have attracted much attention.Statistics show that cement production accounts for approximately 8％of global CO2 emissions.Low-carbon concrete minimizes lifecycle CO2 emissions through optimized cementitious materials,use of solid waste,and low-carbon technique(e.g.,carbon capture),while still meeting engineering performance standards.However,incorporating recycled aggregates or mineral admixtures,although reducing CO2 emissions,often leads to a deterioration in mechanical properties and durability of concrete.Therefore,how to effectively balance reduced CO2 emissions while maintaining the engineering performance of concrete remains a challenge in low-carbon concrete mix designs. The complex interactions among multiple components of concrete materials make mix proportion design highly complex.Conventional trial-and-error methods show obvious deficiencies in efficiency,cost and precision.Previous research established some performance prediction models based on machine learning methods,which often focused on single performance indicators.There is little systematic research on multi-objective collaborative optimization of mechanical properties.This failure to adequately balance environmental benefits with performance hinders the effective use of AI in designing low-carbon concrete.The result demonstrates that optimizing the proportions of recycled aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials can effectively limit carbon emissions to the range of 240-260 kg CO2/m3 when the mechanical property requirements(i.e.,compressive strength>50 MPa)and chloride ion permeability resistance(i.e.,electric flux<500 C)are satisfied.This study was to offer an approach for achieving a balanced design between material performance and CO2 emissions in low-carbon concrete,and to promote the application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)technology in its mix proportion design. Methods This study introduced an AI-based intelligent design optimization method for low-carbon concrete.The process started with data preprocessing,including normalization and outlier treatment,to enhance dataset quality.Subsequently,various models,optimized via different hyperparameter tuning methods,were benchmarked for high-precision prediction of key performance indicators.The SHapley Additive Explanations(SHAP)analysis was employed to elucidate the impact of mix proportion parameters on concrete performance.The The Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅲ)algorithm was then utilized for multi-objective optimization of CO2 emissions,cost,strength,and chloride ion penetration resistance.Two indices,Ci(Carbon intensity index)and Qi(Chloride ion penetration carbon efficiency index),were introduced to quantify the balance between environmental impact and concrete performance.These indices were subsequently employed to evaluate the solutions from the multi-objective optimization,guiding the decision-making process towards a comprehensive and synergistic optimization of material properties and low-carbon characteristics. Results and discussion During data preprocessing,normalization addresses dimensional inconsistencies among feature variables,enhancing their comparability.Furthermore,the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise(DBSCAN)algorithm effectively identifies specific outliers(i.e.,43 related to compressive strength and 4 concerning electric charge passed),leading to a marked improvement in overall data quality.Comparison of machine learning models shows that eXtreme Gradient Boosting(XGB)model exhibits a superior performance in all prediction tasks,with Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)achieving R2 of 0.91 for compressive strength and 0.89 for electric charge passed on test sets.Interpretability through SHAP analysis reveals that cement content and water content are the main factors affecting compressive strength,while superplasticizer dosage is a key factor affecting electric charge passed.For carbon efficiency indices,fly ash replacement of cement is an important approach to reduce Ci and Qi,while the negative impact of recycled aggregates on performance often exceeds their carbon reduction benefits.Multi-objective optimization results indicate significant trade-offs among compressive strength,durability,CO2 emissions,and cost.Decision schemes based on carbon efficiency indices further confirm that CO2 emissions can be effectively reduced,while ensuring concrete performance via scientifically proportioning supplementary cementitious materials,and optimizing water-binder ratio and superplasticizer content. Conclusions This study highlighted a significant potential of an AI-driven approach for designing low-carbon concrete,effectively balancing engineering performance with environmental impact.This study could provide valuable insights into achieving tailored concrete properties via utilizing predictive modeling,parameter influence analysis with SHAP,and NSGA-Ⅲ for multi-objective optimization.The proposed intelligent design method incorporating carbon efficiency indices could offer a practical strategy for developing low-carbon concrete,promoting sustainable practices in the construction industry.关键词
低碳混凝土/机器学习/多目标优化/力学性能/抗氯离子渗透性Key words
low-carbon concrete/machine learning/multi-objective optimization/mechanical properties/chloride ion penetration resistance分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
元强,夏瑞,刘易,马嘉璐..基于多目标寻优的低碳混凝土智能设计[J].硅酸盐学报,2026,54(3):878-893,16.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB2602604) （2022YFB2602604）
中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划(2023-重大-08). （2023-重大-08）
