贵州农业科学2026，Vol.54Issue(2)：23-34,12.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2026.02.003
贵州66份古茶树种质表型多样性分析与优异资源筛选
Morphological Diversity Analysis of 66 Ancient Tea Germpasm Resources and Screening of Excellent Tea Resources
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The phenotypic diversity of 66 ancient tea tree germplasm resources from Guizhou was exp-lored to provide a theoretical basis for excavation and protection of tea tree germplasm resources in Guizhou.[Method]The leaf morphological characteristics and phenotypic traits of 66 ancient tea tree germplasm resources from Wangmo,Pu'an and Wuchuan County in Guizhou were investigated by ultra-depth 3D microscopy imaging,direct phenotypic observation,genetic diversity analysis,principal component analysis and clustering analysis.[Result]The germplasm resources from Pu'an and Wuchuan County were an arbor type,while the germplasm resources from Wangmo County were a small arbor type and shrub type.The apical bud and ovary of the germplasm resources from Pu'an County both were hairless.The apical bud and ovary of the germplasm resources from Wuchuan County were of hairy and hairless.The apical bud and ovary of the germplasm resources from Wangmo County both had hair.The genetic diversity index of leaf qualitative traits of 66 ancient tea tree germplasm resources ranged from 0.517 to 1.032,with an average of 0.788,and the genetic diversity index of 12 leaf qualitative traits was leaf size＞leaf margin＞leaf texture＞sharpness of leaf serration＞leaf lamina＞depth of leaf serration＞leaf opex＞leaf shape＞density of leaf serration＞leaf surface＞leaf color＞leaf base.The variation coefficient and genetic diversity index of leaf quantitative traits were 11.25%—17.43%with an average of 15.21%and 1.399-4.022 with an average of 2.837 respectively.The genetic diversity index of leaf length was 2.87 times that of leaf vein pairs.There were differences in genetic diversity index and variation coefficient of the same trait in different regions.The leaf morphological traits of 66 ancient tea tree germplasm resources from Pu'an,Wangmo,and Wuchuan Counties showed abundant genetic diversity and obvious regional characteristics.The PCA results showed that the accumulative contribution rate of top six principal components with eigenvalues＞1 reached 73.922%,which reflects the basic information of leaf phenotypic traits.Seven leaf traits of leaf length,leaf width,leaf size,depth of leaf serration,leaf opex,leaf lamina and leaf surface were the main indicators of morphological differentiation.Cluster analysis showed that 66 ancient tea tree germplasm resources were classified into four groups.There were 32,8,8 and 18 germplasm resources in Group I,Group II,Group III and Group IV respectively.The germplasm resources in Group I and Group II were mostly from Wuchuan and Pu'an,and Pu'an separately.The germplasm resources in Group III all were from Wangmo.The germplasm resources in Group IV were from Pu'an(3),Wuchuan(4)and Wangmo(11).[Conclusion]The genetic diversity of ancient tea tree germplasm resources is rich in Guizhou but there is a significant difference in botanic classification of ancient tea tree germplasm resources among different regions.The red-purple bud and red-flower germplasm resources from Wangmo can be used as the potential resources for breeding red-purple bud varieties and producing red-flower tea.The hairless apical bud germplasm resources from Wuchuan and Pu'an can be used as the raw materials for making Cuiya tea.The hairy apical bud germplasm resources from Wuchuan can be used as the raw materials for Maojian tea.关键词
古茶树/红紫芽品种/种质资源/形态特征/遗传多样性/种质筛选/植物学分类/地域性Key words
ancient tea/red-purple bud variety/germplasm resources/morphological characteristics/genetic diversity/germplasm screening/botanical classification/regionalism分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李燕,徐富林,董治军,杨春,梁思慧,郭燕,郭灿,陈正武..贵州66份古茶树种质表型多样性分析与优异资源筛选[J].贵州农业科学,2026,54(2):23-34,12.基金项目
贵州省科技计划项目"茶树抗旱基因CsGols1的转录调控研究"(黔科合基础MS[2025]296) （黔科合基础MS[2025]296）
铜仁市科技计划项目"适制抹茶品种筛及配套保优管护关键技术研究应用"(铜市科研[2022]10号) （铜市科研[2022]10号）
望谟县打易镇古茶树高质量发展产业项目(望谟布依仁研合[2023]01号) （望谟布依仁研合[2023]01号）
贵州省农业科学院开放基金项目"UDP-糖基转移酶参与茶树中苦涩味芦丁生物合成的分子机理研究"(黔农科开放基金[2026]11号) （黔农科开放基金[2026]11号）
