岩矿测试2026，Vol.45Issue(2)：350-369,20.DOI:10.15898/j.ykcs.202509140239
土壤铁锰结核的环境地球化学行为研究进展
Environmental Geochemical Behavior of Soil Ferromanganese Nodules:A Review
摘要
Abstract
Ferromanganese nodules(FMNs),secondary products of pedogenic processes,are extensively distributed in karst regions characterized by high geochemical backgrounds and are central to explaining the apparent paradox of high total concentrations but low bioavailability of heavy metals in karst soils.However,there remains a limited understanding of their micro-scale mechanisms,a lack of systematic linkage between the dynamic formation and evolution of FMNs and their environmental behavior,and an absence of clear syntheses of the differences and governing patterns of FMNs geochemical behavior under varying supergene environments.This study presents a systematic review of recent advances in soil FMNs research.(1)The formation mechanisms,evolutionary pathways,and paleoenvironmental implications of FMNs are synthesized:physical,chemical,and biological factors collectively govern the systematic growth of FMNs,with redox potential serving as the fundamental driver.Based on a comparison of the geochemical characteristics of FMNs from different supergene environments,a model for their possible influence pathways is proposed accordingly.(2)The ecological impacts of FMNs,their enrichment mechanisms for heavy metals,and associated experimental methodologies are synthesized:FMNs exhibit enrichment factors of one to two orders of magnitude for Cd,Pb,Ni,and other trace elements relative to host soils,yet pH-dependent leaching experiments demonstrate maximum release rates of merely 17%(e.g.,for As).The application of techniques such as EXAFS,XANES,and LA-ICP-MS confirms that FMNs strongly immobilize heavy metals through surface complexation,specific adsorption,and co-precipitation.FMNs can influence the mobilization and transformation processes of characteristic elements,such as arsenic,chromium,and phosphorus,through oxidation or adsorption.Future research priorities include:establishing dynamic risk assessment and early-warning models based on environmental parameters;enhancing cross-disciplinary integration;incorporating findings regarding FMNs environmental effects into soil quality standards and risk management protocols;facilitating precision land management and safe utilization practices;and furnishing scientific foundations for accurate soil risk assessment and sustainable land use in geochemical high-background regions.The BRIEF REPORT is available for this paper at http://www.ykcs.ac.cn/en/article/doi/10.15898/j.ykcs.202509140239.关键词
铁锰结核/环境地球化学/重金属富集/生物有效性/形成机理/岩溶土壤Key words
ferromanganese nodules/environmental geochemistry/heavy metal enrichment/bioavailability/formation mechanism/karst soils分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
刘明鑫,覃建勋,林坤,汤奇峰,侯青叶,杨忠芳,余涛..土壤铁锰结核的环境地球化学行为研究进展[J].岩矿测试,2026,45(2):350-369,20.基金项目
中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20243344,DD20230700702) （DD20243344,DD20230700702）
科技部重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3702301) （2022YFC3702301）
