智库理论与实践2026，Vol.11Issue(1)：46-56,11.DOI:10.19318/j.cnki.issn.2096-1634.20251015.0006
国家需求导向的重大科技项目立项决策模式比较研究
Comparative Study on Decision-Making Models for National Demand-Oriented Major Science and Technology Projects
摘要
Abstract
[Purpose/Significance]The decision-making process for major science and technology(S&T)projects—specifically,determining which projects to fund under resource constraints,who makes these decisions,and how they are made—is a critical component of project management.This paper aims to analyze international typical practices to explore the characteristics and applicability of different project granting decision-making mod-els,providing practical insights for improving decision-making and management of major S&T projects in China.[Method/Process]Drawing on the practices of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA),the U.S.Department of Energy(DOE),and the European Union,this study conducts a comparative analysis of three major decision-making models:the program manager-led model,in which individual program managers play a domi-nant role;the institutional model,in which scientists panel and institutional program officers jointly lead the de-cision-making process;and the scientist-led model,in which scientific panels operate with relative independence in determining project priorities.The comparison examines key dimensions including decision-making entities,mechanisms,strengths and challenges,as well as applicable contexts and conditions.[Result/Conclusion]This findings indicate that the program manager-led model is suited for applied research projects with clear objectives and specific requirements.The institutional model requires scientists to ensure the scientific frontier nature of projects while enabling managers to align institutional efforts with national needs.The scientist-led model is appli-cable to basic research fields characterized by open-ended goals and strong interdisciplinary collaboration.These results provide meaningful implications for optimizing how the roles and characteristics of different managerial entities are reflected in China's decision-making and management of major S&T projects,particularly under a na-tional demand-oriented framework.关键词
国家需求导向/重大科技项目/立项决策模式Key words
national demand-oriented/major science and technology projects/project granting deci-sion-making models分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
徐芳,张家琪,程燕林,李晓轩..国家需求导向的重大科技项目立项决策模式比较研究[J].智库理论与实践,2026,11(1):46-56,11.基金项目
本文系国家自然科学基金面上项目"复杂系统视角下我国科技评价制度均衡研究"(项目编号:72174191)、国家科技重大专项"四大慢病重大专项"(项目编号:2023ZD0509600)研究成果之一. （项目编号:72174191）
