河北农业大学学报（社会科学版）2026，Vol.28Issue(1)：69-85,17.DOI:10.13320/j.cnki.jauhe.2026.0007
我国农村养老保障政策变迁:制度驱动与社会导向
Institutional Drivers and Social Orientation of China's Rural Elderly Care Security Policy Evolution:A Textual Analysis of Rural Elderly Care Policies from 1949 to 2025
摘要
Abstract
China's rural elderly care security system is widely recognized as being characterized by im-balance and fragmentation,making it a persistent challenge.How to optimize the rural elderly care securi-ty framework through policy adjustments and institutional innovation constitutes a critical issue concerning people's livelihood.Based on institutional change theory,and employing co-word analysis and social net-work analysis,this study quantitatively examines 124 national-level policy documents on rural elderly care security issued between 1949 and 2025,aiming to reveal the evolutionary characteristics,internal logic,and driving mechanisms of these policies.The findings indicate that policy evolution has shifted from a primary focus on basic rural old-age insurance toward a more integrated development model en-compassing"old-age insurance-elderly services-senior welfare-elderly assistance".This reflects an emerging policy orientation emphasizing socialization,integration,diversification,and balanced supply-demand across multiple levels.The evolution of rural elderly care security policies exhibits a significant path dependence.Under the imprint of urbanization and industrialization,the absence of governmental re-sponsibility and the inequity between urban and rural elderly care systems have gradually become locked into a pattern characterized by"collective mutual assistance+family-based support",reinforced by traditional eldercare values and entrenched interest barriers.The gap between the rural revitalization strat-egy,the goal of common prosperity,and the persistent urban-rural disparities in elderly care-alongside the lagging development of rural elderly care systems-has compelled the repositioning of governmental re-sponsibility,generating a top-down,coercive force for institutional breakthrough.Meanwhile,bottom-up social endogenous mechanisms-including pressures from changing environments,demand-driven needs in rural elderly care,collaborative engagement of relevant stakeholders,and the pull of external pi-lot demonstrations-serve as dynamic drivers continuously promoting the construction of new institutions and facilitating path departure.Finally,it is proposed that a virtuous cycle of path dependence be estab-lished through the dimensions of"values-objectives-actors-processes",to improve a multi-layered rural elderly care security system with balanced supply and demand.关键词
农村养老保障/政策变迁/社会网络分析/制度驱动/社会导向Key words
rural old-age security/institutional change/social network analysis/institutional drive/social orientation分类
社会科学引用本文复制引用
谢金芳..我国农村养老保障政策变迁:制度驱动与社会导向[J].河北农业大学学报（社会科学版）,2026,28(1):69-85,17.基金项目
浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题:"需求溢出理论视角下的农村居民全生命周期公共服务体系构建——以浙江省L市DXS村文化礼堂为例"(编号:23WHLT08YBM). （编号:23WHLT08YBM）
