农业研究与应用2026，Vol.39Issue(2)：250-260,11.DOI:10.20191/j.cnki.2095-0764.2026.02.009
不同土壤改良剂对西瓜产量及土壤理化性状的影响
Effects of Different Soil Amendments on Watermelon Yield and Soil Physicochemical Properties
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)is one of the widely cultivated fruits worldwide,and its yield and quality are directly affected by soil conditions.Soil amendments can improve soil structure,enhance soil fertility,and regulate soil pH,and so on,thereby promoting crop growth and increasing yield and quality.This study aimed to investigate the effects of different soil amendments on the physicochemical properties of soil and watermelon yield under a no-tillage watermelon cultivation model in sandy soil,with the goal to provide a theoretical basis for the ratio-nal selection of soil amendments in watermelon production.[Method]The experiment was conducted with five treatment groups,including a control without soil amendments(CK),900 kg/hm2 potassi-um fulvate amendment(Treatment 1),1350 kg/hm2 biochar amendment(Treatment 2),750 kg/hm2 saline-alkali soil remediation bioagent(Treatment 3),and 600 kg/hm2 Shidijia acidic soil amend-ment(Treatment 4).Watermelon yield and physicochemical indicators such as soil organic matter and pH,as well as characteristics of microbial community structure such as soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes were measured.By calculating the soil quality index(SQI),the effectiveness of different amendments were analyzed and evaluated.[Result]In terms of watermelon yield and fruit characteristics,there were no significant differences in fruit color and overall taste among different treatments,but there were differences in sugar content and sugar gradient.Among them,treatment 3 had a central sugar content of 12.5%and a peripheral sugar content of 10.5%,with the smallest sugar gradient of 1.6%,while treatment 4 had the largest sugar gradient of 4%.The highest yield was obtained in the treatment 3,reaching 57 408 kg/hm2,which was 7 466 kg/hm2higher than that in the control,significantly increasing by 14.95%.The analysis of soil physicochemical properties showed that after the application of soil amendments,the content of soil nutrients such as available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available phosphorus also increased in varying de-grees.The pH value in the treatment 3 was 7.87,which was 0.33 lower than that before planting and 0.38 lower than that in the control.The soil organic matter content in the treatment 2 was 17.2 g/kg,which was 3.68 times higher than that before planting and the soil organic matter content in the treat-ment 2 was 17.2 g/kg,which was 3.68 times that before planting and 268.31%higher than that in the control.The content of available potassium in the treatment 1 was 200.1 mg/kg,which was 73.1 mg/kg higher than that before planting and 57.56%higher than that in the control.Obviously,the soil amendments have a positive effect on improving soil fertility.According to the comprehensive principal component analysis results,organic matter,microbial biomass carbon,and nitrogen play important roles in soil quality evaluation,and pH value,K+,Na+,and Mg2+have a significant im-pact on soil quality.[Conclusion]Overall,application of saline-alkali soil remediation bioagent(Treatment 3)significantly improved the soil quality and watermelon yield,and significantly in-creased the soil nutrients.关键词
土壤改良剂/西瓜/黄腐酸钾/产量/生物炭改良剂Key words
Soil amendments/watermelon/potassium fulvate/yield/biochar amendment分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王雪,郭松,于蓉,徐叶,祁亚淑,杨国莹..不同土壤改良剂对西瓜产量及土壤理化性状的影响[J].农业研究与应用,2026,39(2):250-260,11.基金项目
山东省技术创新引导计划项目(YDZX2024020) （YDZX2024020）
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-25) （CARS-25）
宁夏高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-7). （NGSB-2021-7）
