计算机工程与应用2026，Vol.62Issue(6)：70-95,26.DOI:10.3778/j.issn.1002-8331.2501-0058
基于大语言模型的开放域对话系统综述
Survey of Open-Domain Dialogue Systems Based on Large Language Models
摘要
Abstract
Open-domain dialogue systems aim to facilitate smooth and natural communication with users,simulating human language behavior.They can handle conversations on a variety of topics and contexts without being limited to specific tasks or domains.The goal is to enable computer systems to understand and generate natural language,thereby achieving efficient human-computer interaction.Large language models are deep learning models trained on vast amounts of text data.By learning the statistical properties of language and semantic relationships,they are capable of generating and understanding text,as well as reasoning.These models have become core technologies in open-domain dialogue systems.This paper reviews the current state of research on open-domain dialogue systems based on large language models,introduces commonly used dialogue datasets,and compares the characteristics and applications of different model architectures.An evolutionary architecture of dialogue systems is proposed,including a core capability layer,a function extension layer,and a dynamic optimization layer.The core capability layer ensures the continuity and consistency of dialogue through memory mechanisms and coherence assurance algorithms,providing a stable operating foundation for the system.On this basis,the function extension layer improves the richness and personalization of dialogue through external knowledge integration and personalized responses.The dynamic optimization layer ensures the stability and secu-rity of dialogue through the synergy of topic control and security constraints,and avoids dialogues from deviating from the topic or generating inappropriate content.The three-layer architecture cooperates with each other to promote the coor-dinated evolution of the dialogue system from basic capabilities to advanced functions,and summarizes the corresponding solutions.Based on existing research,the future development trends of the field are discussed.关键词
开放域对话系统/大语言模型/深度学习/人机互动Key words
open-domain dialogue systems/large language model/deep learning/human-computer interaction分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
秦董洪,孔令儒,白凤波,王敬凯,李路路,徐晨..基于大语言模型的开放域对话系统综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2026,62(6):70-95,26.基金项目
广西壮族自治区中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(桂科ZY24212045) （桂科ZY24212045）
广西重点研发项目(桂科AB25069456) （桂科AB25069456）
广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD23026054) （桂科AD23026054）
广西民族大学科研基金(2023KJ0D32). （2023KJ0D32）
