中国牛业科学2026，Vol.52Issue(1)：46-51,6.DOI:10.26951/j.cnki.ccs.2026.01.007
断奶月龄对秦川母牛繁殖性能及犊牛生长性能的影响
Effects of Weaning Age on Reproductive Performance of Qinchuan Cows and Growth Performance of Calves
摘要
Abstract
To investigate the effects of different weaning ages on the reproductive performance of Qinchuan cows and the growth performance of calves,a total of 208 prepartum Qinchuan cows with similar parity and expected delivery dates were selected for this study,and the dietary and feeding management conditions were consistent throughout the experimental period.Four treatment groups were set up where calves were weaned at 3 months,4 months,5 months,and 6 months of age,respectively.The body weight,body size in-dicators of calves at different stages,and reproductive performance-related indicators of cows were mea-sured to analyze the impact of weaning age on the aforementioned indicators.The results showed that:①The birth weight of male calves was(28.98±4.08)kg,which was significantly higher than that of female calves(27.06±3.41)kg(P ≤0.05).The withers height(71.32±3.37)cm,chest circumference(72.94±3.88)cm,and chest width(14.63±1.10)cm of male calves were also significantly higher than those of fe-male calves(withers height(70.04±2.53)cm,chest circumference(71.86±3.58)cm,chest width(14.19±1.00)cm)(P≤0.05).However,there were no significant differences in hip height,body length,abdominal circumference,or pin bone width between newborn male and female calves(P＞0.05).②Weaning age had a significant effect on the weaning weight and various body size indicators of both male and female calves(P≤0.05).Nevertheless,as the age increased,the influence of weaning age on calf growth performance gradually diminished.At 6 months of age for female calves and 12 months of age for male calves,there were no longer significant differences in body weight and all body size indicators among calves from different weaning age groups(P＞0.05).③Different weaning ages of calves had significant effects on all indicators of cow reproductive performance.Specifically,the average postparturient first estrus time of cows in the 3-month weaning group was(45.2±6.8)days,which was significantly shorter than that in the 6-month wea-ning group(62.5±7.3)days(P ≤0.05).The average number of inseminations in the 3-month weaning group was(1.8±0.5)times,significantly fewer than that in the 6-month weaning group(2.5±0.6)times(P≤0.05).The calving interval of cows in the 4-month weaning group((390.2±4.8)days)was signifi-cantly shorter than that in the 5-month weaning group((401.6±6.3)days),and the conception rate and calving rate were 86.3％and 79.4％,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the 6-month weaning group(80.2％and 74.6％).Based on the comprehensive analysis above,it is recommended that the weaning age of Qinchuan female calves can be advanced to around 4 months old,and that of male calves to around 3 months old,so as to further improve the reproductive capacity of cows.关键词
秦川牛/早期断奶/繁殖性能/生长性能Key words
Qinchuan cattle/early weaning/reproductive performance/growth performance分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
马伟东,王武生,刘飞,贾社强,封赟,侯鹏霞,梁小军..断奶月龄对秦川母牛繁殖性能及犊牛生长性能的影响[J].中国牛业科学,2026,52(1):46-51,6.基金项目
国家现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系资助(CARS-37) （肉牛牦牛）
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目"肉牛本土特色全混合日粮调制关键技术研发与示范"(2025BBF02008) （2025BBF02008）
