烟草科技2026，Vol.59Issue(3)：31-43,13.DOI:10.16135/j.issn1002-0861.2025.0780
8种除草剂对贵州西南烟田杂草防效及对烟草安全性评价
Weed control efficacies and tobacco safety evaluation of eight herbicides in tobacco fields in southwest Guizhou Province
摘要
Abstract
To screen safe and effective herbicides for tobacco fields and determine their application rates,weed species and their phytotoxicity were surveyed in tobacco fields in southwestern Guizhou Province.The control efficacies of eight herbicides against weeds and their use on tobacco safety were evaluated through pre-emergence soil sealing treatment and post-emergence stem and leaf treatment trials.The results showed that 28 weed species belonging to 14 families were identified in tobacco fields in southwestern Guizhou.Among them,8 species caused moderate to severe damage to tobacco plant.In the pre-emergence soil sealing treatment trials,the total control efficacies of 35%nicosulfuron+mesotrione+atrazine OD(the recommended dose 630.00 and 5 times the recommended dose 3 150.00 g a.i./ha,the same below),40%mesotrione SC(180.00 and 900.00 g a.i./ha)and 48%butralin EC(1 800.00 and 9 000.00 g a.i./ha)against Chenopodium album,Stellaria media,Capsella bursa-pastoris,Sonchus arvensis,Galinsoga parviflora and Digitaria sanguinalis were all over 89.67%.In the post-emergence stem and leaf treatment trials,10%glufosinate-p ammonium SL(600.00 and 3 000.00 g a.i./ha)and 200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS(1 800.00 and 9 000.00 g a.i./ha)achieved fresh weight control efficacies greater than 76.24%against the above mentioned weed species.In the pre-emergence soil sealing treatment trials,tobacco seedling survival rates after transplanting(20 days post-treatment)were significantly reduced by 25%quinclorac SC and 40%mesotrione SC compared with the untreated control.Moreover,40%mesotrione SC at five times the recommended dose caused complete plant death within 40 days after the transplanting.At the recommended dose,all herbicides except 25%rimsulfuron WG and 48%butralin EC significantly inhibited the maximum leaf width of tobacco plants.In contrast,post-emergence applications of 240 g/L clethodim EC,48%butralin EC,200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS and 10%glufosinate-p ammonium SL at both recommended and five times the recommended doses promoted plant height at topping,maximum leaf length and width,and top leaf length and width.In the pre-emergence and post-emergence trials,treatments with 25%quinclorac SC,40%mesotrione SC and 35%nicosulfuron+mesotrione+atrazine OD induced leaf deformity or chlorosis in new tobacco leaves.Overall,48%butralin EC,200 g/L glufosinate ammonium AS and 10%glufosinate-p ammonium SL exhibited good weed control effects.Butralin is therefore recommended for pre-emergence weed control,whereas glufosinate ammonium and glufosinate-p ammonium are suitable for post-emergence inter-row weed management.Quinclorac,mesotrione and nicosulfuron+mesotrione+atrazine are not recommended for weed control in tobacco fields.关键词
烟草/除草剂/杂草防效/安全性Key words
Tobacco/Herbicide/Weed control effect/Safety分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
王莹,李振嘉,吴小军,王彦华,汪汉成,高贵,陈兴江,袁嘉雯,林木森..8种除草剂对贵州西南烟田杂草防效及对烟草安全性评价[J].烟草科技,2026,59(3):31-43,13.基金项目
贵州省烟草公司安顺市公司项目"烟田除草剂污染源头阻控技术研究"(2024ASXM06) （2024ASXM06）
贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司项目"遵义烟区除草剂使用安全性评价及其药害修复技术研究"(2022XM07) （2022XM07）
贵州省"百层次"创新型人才项目(GCC[2022]028-2) （GCC[2022]028-2）
贵州省科技创新人才团队项目"茄科叶用经济作物病害绿色防控科技创新人才团队建设"(黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2023]021). （黔科合平台人才-CXTD[2023]021）
