西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）2026，Vol.46Issue(1)：123-139,17.DOI:10.15896/j.xjtuskxb.202601008
行业自然垄断环节独立运营与竞争性环节市场化改革:改革历程、现实挑战与战略路径
Independent Operation of Natural Monopoly Segments and Market-Oriented Reform of Competitive Segments in Key Industries:Reform Evolution,Practical Challenges,and Strategic Pathways
摘要
Abstract
The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee explicitly proposed to"advance the independent operation of natural monopoly segments and the market-oriented reform of competitive segments in industries such as energy,railways,telecommunications,water conservancy,and public utilities".This major policy direction provides clear guidance for institutional innovation in China's fundamental industries and offers institutional support for improving the socialist market economy and promoting Chinese modernization.Reforming natural monopoly industries is not only an intrinsic requirement for achieving high-quality economic development but also a strategic response to new challenges in factor constraints,structural adjustment,and risk prevention.As the modern industrial system accelerates its formation,the governance model,ownership structure,competitive landscape,and regulatory framework of these industries are undergoing systemic transformation,calling for institutional innovation to build an efficient,fair,secure,and sustainable governance system.Focusing on two core dimensions—"independent operation of natural monopoly segments"and"market-oriented reform of competitive segments"—this paper systematically reviews China's gradual reform process from the separation of government and enterprises,through the division of regulation and operation,to the deepening of mixed-ownership reform.It reveals how China has progressively transitioned from administrative monopoly to market-oriented governance by balancing public welfare and efficiency objectives through vertical separation,horizontal competition,and regulatory restructuring.Drawing on the reform experiences of the United Kingdom,the United States,and France,this study highlights that major Western economies generally adopted deregulation,vertical unbundling,and the establishment of independent regulatory agencies as their core reform paths,achieving diverse balances between efficiency and public interest.These international experiences offer valuable comparative insights for deepening China's ongoing reform.The study further identifies four key challenges in China's reform process:difficulties in distinguishing between monopoly and competitive boundaries,insufficient regulatory independence in monopoly segments,limited marketization of competitive segments,and coordination inefficiencies following vertical separation.In response,this paper proposes three strategic pathways:(1)establishing a"four-in-one"independent operation system supported by efficiency enhancement,safety assurance,performance evaluation,and regulatory coordination;(2)developing a"four-dimensional"market-oriented reform framework centered on corporate restructuring,market access,competition rules,and policy coordination;and(3)constructing a"three-dimensional"coordination mechanism across industrial,value,and supply chains to achieve organic linkage and dynamic balance between monopoly and competitive segments.Theoretically,this research enriches the institutional analytical framework of natural monopoly industry reform,while practically,it provides a systematic and operable Chinese approach for advancing institutional innovation in key sectors.关键词
社会主义市场经济体制/自然垄断行业/独立运营/行业治理/市场化改革/政企关系/基础性行业体制机制创新Key words
socialist market economy system/natural monopoly industries/independent operation/industry governance/market-oriented reform/government-enterprise relations/institutional and governance innovation in foundational industries分类
管理科学引用本文复制引用
温军,杨竞豪..行业自然垄断环节独立运营与竞争性环节市场化改革:改革历程、现实挑战与战略路径[J].西安交通大学学报（社会科学版）,2026,46(1):123-139,17.基金项目
研究阐释党的二十届三中全会精神国家社会科学基金重大专项项目(24ZDA011). （24ZDA011）
