中国农学通报2026，Vol.42Issue(3)：1-10,10.
单倍体育种技术及其在水稻遗传改良中的研究进展
Haploid Breeding Techniques and Research Progress in Rice Genetic Improvement
摘要
Abstract
Aiming at the problems of long breeding cycle and low homozygous efficiency in traditional rice breeding,in order to promote the innovation and accurate improvement of breeding technology,this paper systematically combs the development process of haploid breeding technology,focusing on the analysis of traditional methods such as anther culture in vitro and parthenogenesis/androgenesis,and inducing technology using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted editing of key meiotic genes(e.g.,REC8,PAIR1,OsD1)and the parthenogenesis-related gene OsMTL,and systematically optimizes the key links such as induction,identification and chromosome doubling.The results demonstrate that technology integration has significantly enhanced haploid induction efficiency(from 0.5％-2％to 10％-15％),expanded the genotype editing scope and facilitated targeted trait improvement.The development cycle of doubled haploid(DH)lines has been shortened to 2-3 years,resulting in a 3-5 fold increase in breeding efficiency compared to conventional approaches.A multidimensional identification system integrating molecular markers and flow cytometry has been successfully established,and excellent varieties such as' Zhonghua' series and'Jingliangyou 202/181'were successfully cultivated.This review also highlights existing technical challenges,including the unclear mechanism of spontaneous haploid doubling and difficulties in eliminating chimeras.It is proposed that through deeper integration of smart breeding and synthetic biology,haploid breeding will advance rice breeding into a new design breeding stage,providing sustained technological support for ensuring food security.关键词
单倍体/单倍体诱导系/体内诱导/基因编辑/OsMTLKey words
haploid/haploid induction line/in vivo induction/gene editing/OsMTL分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
张金霞,牛佳宇,黄金华,桑世飞,张倩倩,刘贺梅,孙建权,胡秀明,殷春渊,王和乐,李凤梅..单倍体育种技术及其在水稻遗传改良中的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2026,42(3):1-10,10.基金项目
河南省重点研发专项"优质高产绿色高效水稻新品种选育与应用"(231111110500) （231111110500）
河南省省级创新生态支撑专项资金项目"河南省现代农业产业技术体系粳稻育种岗位专家"(HARS-22-03-G1) （HARS-22-03-G1）
河南省科技攻关计划项目"基于香味基因Badh2创制优质、抗病香稻新种质"(242102110276). （242102110276）
