中国农学通报2026，Vol.42Issue(3)：37-47,11.
烟草氮营养生理、分子与遗传改良研究进展
Research Progress on Physiological,Molecular,and Genetic Improvement of Nitrogen Nutrition in Tobacco
摘要
Abstract
In response to the issues of excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in tobacco production leading to quality deterioration and environmental pollution,as well as the unclear mechanisms of nitrogen utilization,lack of precise nitrogen application standards,and undefined breeding targets,this paper reviewed the absorption,distribution,and utilization mechanisms of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in tobacco to improve the theoretical framework of nitrogen nutrition regulation and nitrogen-efficient improvement technologies.The functions and expression characteristics of nitrogen transporters(NRT and AMT families)in tobacco were summarized,key factors involved in nitrogen sensing and signal transduction(such as nitrate receptors and transcription factors)and regulatory pathways were analyzed,and the main approaches and genetic improvement progress for enhancing nitrogen efficiency were outlined.The results indicated that:(1)Tobacco absorbed nitrate and ammonium nitrogen through high-/low-affinity transport systems,with assimilation relying on key enzymes such as nitrate reductase(NR),nitrite reductase(NiR),and glutamine synthetase(GS).(2)The NRT family primarily mediated nitrate nitrogen transport,while the AMT family regulates ammonium nitrogen absorption.Transcription factors such as NtWRKY65 participated in nitrogen signal transduction.(3)The optimal nitrogen application rates varied significantly across different tobacco-growing regions(100-150 kg/hm2 in southern China and 82.5-90 kg/hm2 in northern China),with a NO3-/NH4+ratio of 1∶1 being suitable for most varieties.(4)Dual high-efficiency varieties such as K326 and G80 had been identified,and nitrogen efficiency-related indicators such as leaf area and enzyme activity had been clarified.In summary,tobacco nitrogen nutrition regulation involved the coordinated actions of multiple processes,including absorption,transport,and signal transduction,with rational fertilization and varietal improvement being the core pathways for enhancing nitrogen efficiency.Future efforts should focus on conducting multi-regional trials to define precise nitrogen application parameters,identifying key molecular targets in nitrogen metabolism,and integrating molecular techniques with traditional breeding to develop nitrogen-efficient varieties,thereby providing support for green tobacco production.关键词
烟草/氮素营养/氮转运蛋白/氮信号传导/氮高效品种Key words
tobacco/nitrogen nutrition/nitrogen transport proteins/nitrogen signal transduction/nitrogen-efficient varieties分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
盘冬瓒,廖钰,邵秀红,李集勤,马柱文,邹明民,高三基,潘晓英,黄振瑞..烟草氮营养生理、分子与遗传改良研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2026,42(3):37-47,11.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目"MYB1R1与下游SAUR36-like调控烟草腋芽发育应答磷营养差异的分子机制研究"(32000214) （32000214）
广东省自然科学基金项目"转录因子MYB1R1调控烟草腋芽长度应答磷营养差异的分子解析"(2020A1515011391) （2020A1515011391）
广东省农业科学院人才培养项目"NtMYB调控烟株耐受低温胁迫的分子机制研究"(R2022PY-QY003) （R2022PY-QY003）
广东省农业科学院作物研究所所长基金/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室开放研究基金项目"NtMYB78/108调控烟株低温应答的分子机理研究"(202303) （202303）
广东中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2025440000340007). （2025440000340007）
