海洋科学2025，Vol.49Issue(9)：82-98,17.DOI:10.11759/hykx20250714002
水产动物对环境胁迫的应对策略
Coping strategies of aquatic animals in response to environ-mental stress
摘要
Abstract
Climate change is profoundly reshaping aquatic ecosystems,driving unprecedented alterations in critical environmental factors,including temperature,pH,and dissolved oxygen levels.These shifts exert adverse effects on aquatic animals,hindering aquaculture development and causing significant economic losses and ecological imbal-ances.According to the IPCC Sixth Assessment Report,global surface temperature has risen by approximately 1.1 ℃ since the Industrial Revolution.Specifically,from 2011 to 2020,the mean sea surface temperature exceeded the 1850-1900 average by 0.88℃.Concurrently,the surface ocean pH decreased from 8.32 to 8.1,dissolved oxy-gen in the open ocean decreased by 1%-2%,and hypoxia in coastal dead zones intensified.The synergistic fluctua-tions of these environmental parameters impose compound stress on aquatic animals,impairing physiological func-tions,growth,development,and reproductive processes.Consequently,these stressors drive shifts in population size and distribution,disrupting marine carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus cycles and destabilizing the equilibrium of marine ecosystems.While aquatic animals can mitigate mild stressors through physiological,molecular,and be-havioral adjustments,their capacity for self-regulation is limited.Intrinsic responses alone are insufficient to offset the cumulative damage from the long-term,complex compound stressors associated with climate change.To ad-dress these challenges,researchers have proposed various intervention strategies,including the cultivation of stress-resistant strains,deployment of novel equipment and operational modes,and utilization of artificial intelli-gence,to enhance the resilience of aquatic animals and mitigate the negative impacts of climate change.Although these approaches have demonstrated effectiveness in practical applications,challenges regarding scalability persist.Future efforts must focus on developing novel platforms,establishing emerging aquaculture models,and integrating advanced technologies to further bolster aquaculture resilience.Additionally,the implementation of graded early warning systems for environmental stress will improve risk prevention and control capabilities.This paper reviews the impacts of climate change on aquatic animals and evaluates current coping strategies,providing a scientific ba-sis and practical guidance for the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.关键词
全球气候变化/环境胁迫/水产动物/适应策略Key words
global climate change/environmental stress/aquatic animal/adaptive strategy分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
李美慧,匡少平,霍达..水产动物对环境胁迫的应对策略[J].海洋科学,2025,49(9):82-98,17.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFF0802202) （2022YFF0802202）
水产品种创制与高效养殖全国重点实验室开放课题(2025BBSA03) （2025BBSA03）
山东省重大科技创新工程(2021CXGC11206) （2021CXGC11206）
泰山学者工程资助(tsqn202306287)the National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFF0802202 （tsqn202306287）
Open Research of the State Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture,No.2025BBSA03 （）
Shandong Province Major Science and Technology Innovation Project,No.2021CXGC11206 （）
Taishan Scholars Program,No.tsqn202306287 （）
