电力工程技术2026，Vol.45Issue(3)：2-10,9.DOI:10.12158/j.2096-3203.2026.03.001
梯度声学超材料增强的油纸绝缘局部放电声学检测方法
Acoustic detection method of partial discharge in oil-paper insulation enhanced by gradient acoustic metamaterial
摘要
Abstract
The detection of weak acoustic waves excited by partial discharge(PD)in oil-paper insulation is considered as a critical challenge in transformer condition monitoring,while existing high-sensitivity acoustic sensing methods are constrained by the low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of the acoustic waves.In this paper,an acoustic enhancement detection method based on gradient acoustic metamaterial(GAM)is proposed,achieving compression and amplification of broadband acoustic waves and providing a solution for improving the SNR of weak PD acoustic signals.The GAM is constructed using 30 circular plate units with diameters increasing according to a quadratic function.The thickness of each unit is 1 mm,the gap distance is 1 mm,the minimum diameter is 5 mm,and the maximum diameter is 47.05 mm,with the overall structure's maximum size being less than 6 cm.Numerical calculations of the acoustic pressure amplification effect of the GAM reveal that although the gain factor is reduced by the limited acoustic impedance difference between the GAM and the insulating oil,the amplification bandwidth is broadened,enabling the enhancement of broadband PD acoustic signals.By integrating the acoustic sensor with the end unit of the GAM,narrow-gap acoustic field detection and structural integrity of the GAM are simultaneously achieved,and the enhancement effect of the GAM in insulating oil is demonstrated experimentally.A gain effect is exhibited by the GAM in the frequency range of 45 kHz to 200 kHz,with a peak gain factor exceeding 3.Finally,the results of needle-tip PD show that the detected acoustic wave peak is directly enhanced by the GAM,and the frequency content within the GAM amplification band is significantly improved,thus achieving enhanced detection of PD acoustic waves.This study represents acoustic metamaterials to enhance acoustic detection,which is considered highly significant for the early detection of PD.关键词
油浸式变压器/油纸绝缘/局部放电/声传感/梯度声学超材料/声压放大/频率特性Key words
oil-immersed transformer/oil-paper insulation/partial discharge(PD)/acoustic sensing/gradient acoustic metamaterial(GAM)/sound pressure amplification/frequency characteristics分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
周俊杰,吴治诚,王少琦,周春阳,张乔根..梯度声学超材料增强的油纸绝缘局部放电声学检测方法[J].电力工程技术,2026,45(3):2-10,9.基金项目
智能电网国家科技重大专项资助项目(2025ZD0807800) （2025ZD0807800）
