中国生态农业学报（中英文）2026，Vol.34Issue(3)：475-484,10.DOI:10.12357/cjea.20250368
长期秸秆还田对土壤细菌群落功能性和复杂性的影响
Effects of long-term straw return on soil bacterial community functionality and complexity
摘要
Abstract
Long-term straw return is a crucial agronomic practice for improving soil fertility and sustaining high and stable grain yields.While numerous studies have investigated the response characteristics of soil microbial community composition and diversity to straw return,the relationships between microbial community-level functional attributes,network characteristics,and grain yields remain unclear.On the basis of a 28-year field experiment with three treatments-no fertilization(NF),chemical fertilization(CF),and chemical fertilization combined with straw return(CFS)—this study systematically analyzed the effects of long-term straw re-turn on microbial community functionality,potential interspecific interactions,and their contributions to the maize yield.The results showed that compared with NF,both CF and CFS significantly increased the maize yield by 58.72％-217.52％,with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments.In terms of soil quality improvement,both CF and CFS increased soil organic car-bon and nutrient content,and CFS showed more pronounced improvement effect,effectively alleviating soil acidification caused by single chemical fertilization.The functional annotation results showed that fertilization significantly altered microbial community-level functional composition.The CFS treatment had the highest functional redundancy of microbial communities,with higher relat-ive abundance of chemoheterotrophic,lignin-degrading,and cellulose-degrading groups than other treatments.Co-occurrence net-work analysis further revealed that long-term straw return reshaped microbial interaction relationships,with the CFS treatment exhib-iting the highest network complexity.This increase in complexity was mainly attributed to the enrichment of Proteobacteria and Bac-teroidetes,as well as the enhancement of nutrient cycling-related functional modules.Joint analysis using random forest and structur-al equation models showed that compared with microbial community composition,functional gene composition,and soil physico-chemical properties,microbial community network complexity was the core factor driving crop yield variations.In conclusion,long-term straw return enhances the stability and resilience of agroecosystems by increasing soil nutrient storage capacity,promoting the development of functional microbial groups,and constructing complex microbial interaction networks,serving as an important ap-proach for achieving soil health improvement and sustainable development of crop productivity.This study reveals the key role of mi-crobial community network complexity in maintaining stable crop yields and provides a new theoretical basis and mechanism frame-work for optimizing soil management practices in intensive farmlands as well as ensuring food security and agricultural environment-al sustainability.关键词
秸秆还田/土壤微生物/群落复杂性/微生物功能/玉米产量Key words
straw return/soil microorganism/community network complexity/microbial function/crop yield分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
石兰英,李沐奚,何朋,隋跃宇,郝翔翔,张志明,李禄军..长期秸秆还田对土壤细菌群落功能性和复杂性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报（中英文）,2026,34(3):475-484,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金集成项目(U23A6001)、黑龙江省杰出青年基金项目(JQ2021C004)、教育部寒地黑土生境健康国际合作联合实验室年度开放基金(HCRBSH202311)和牡丹江师范学院教改项目(25-XJ043)资助 This study was supported by the Integrated Project of the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development,National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A6001),Heilongjiang Provincial Outstanding Youth Fund Project(JQ2021C004),Annual Open Fund of the Joint International Re-search Laboratory of Cold Region Black Soil Habitat Health,Ministry of Education(HCRBSH202311),and Teaching Reform Project of Mudanjiang Normal University(25-XJ043). （U23A6001）
