实验技术与管理2026，Vol.43Issue(2)：155-161,7.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.02.018
多功能故障电弧引燃实验测试平台搭建与实测
Construction and measurement of a multifunctional fault arc ignition test platform
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Electrical fires,especially those originating from fault arcs,constitute a persistent and severe threat to public safety and economic assets globally.In China alone,more than 200,000 such incidents are reported each year,highlighting the urgency of this issue.Despite the considerable damage these fires cause,the fundamental physicochemical processes governing fault arc ignition remain poorly understood.This lack of understanding impedes the development of effective prevention technologies.To address this knowledge gap,the present study aims to design and construct a controllable,multifunctional experimental platform that will enable systematic investigation into the thermal behavior and dynamic characteristics of fault arcs under varying electrical parameters,including voltage,current,and load types(resistive,inductive,and capacitive).The study aims to test the arc ignition mechanism of combustible materials to provide a scientific basis for strengthening electrical disaster warning and fire mitigation strategies.[Methods]A multifunctional experimental platform was designed and constructed to simulate realistic electrical environments and enable comprehensive data acquisition throughout the ignition process.The system incorporates an adjustable high/low voltage power supply;configurable resistive,inductive,and capacitive loads;and a standardized fault arc generator capable of replicating common failure scenarios such as loose connections and insulation breakdown.Synchronized data collection included current and voltage waveforms captured using high-frequency oscilloscopes,temperature field distribution measured by infrared thermal imaging,and full-process visualization recorded with high-resolution video.Based on these measurements,key parameters,including arc current density,energy accumulation rate,and the surface temperature rise gradient of ignitable materials,were derived to quantitatively assess arc thermal hazards.[Results]Following platform construction,the electrical and thermal characteristics of fault arcs were systematically evaluated using different electrode materials:copper-copper,carbon-copper,and carbon-carbon.Based on its performance,carbon-carbon was identified as the optimal material and selected for all subsequent experiments on the non-contact ignition of cotton fabric by AC fault arcs.The experiments successfully reproduced the entire ignition process.Using synchronized temperature measurement and image acquisition systems,the study delineated the fundamental combustion phenomena and categorized ignition into three types:rapid ignition,slow ignition,and non-ignition.Key parameters were quantitatively analyzed,revealing an ignition temperature of approximately 450℃.Furthermore,spatial temperature analysis demonstrated that heat distribution on the fabric surface consistently exhibited a central concentration,with the highest temperatures at the center gradually decreasing toward the periphery.This observed pattern conclusively indicates a centralized heating mechanism where heat diffuses outward from the core region.[Conclusions]This study provides systematic experimental evidence and establishes quantitative criteria that significantly advance the understanding of fault arc-induced ignition mechanisms.The findings delineate clear process typologies and critical thresholds,such as the identified ignition temperature,offering a vital theoretical foundation for the development of more accurate,physics-based early-warning algorithms and effective prevention strategies for electrical fires.Furthermore,the versatile and well-instrumented experimental platform established in this work provides a robust foundation for future research.It enables in-depth investigation of electrical fire safety across a broad spectrum of operating conditions,various combustible materials,and relatively complex fault scenarios.Finally,the platform serves as a valuable resource for advanced education and training in experimental fire science and electrical safety engineering.关键词
电气火灾/故障电弧/电弧产生/引燃机制Key words
electrical fire/fault arc/arc generation/ignition mechanism分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
王安虎,张雨,蒋慧灵,周亮,邓青..多功能故障电弧引燃实验测试平台搭建与实测[J].实验技术与管理,2026,43(2):155-161,7.基金项目
国家重点研发计划课题(2023YFC3009804,2023YFC3009805) （2023YFC3009804,2023YFC3009805）
北京市科技计划揭榜挂帅项目(Z231100003823024) （Z231100003823024）
