实验技术与管理2026，Vol.43Issue(2)：219-225,7.DOI:10.16791/j.cnki.sjg.2026.02.026
综采放顶煤模拟实验平台研制与教学实践
Development and teaching practice of a simulation experiment platform for longwall top coal caving
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]This study investigates top coal caving patterns in longwall top coal caving(LTCC)faces.A clear understanding of these patterns not only improves the recovery rate of top coal but also provides practical guidance for determining the installation locations and activation timing of image acquisition systems in intelligent caving operations.To examine the caving behavior of top coal under different caving procedures in soft coal LTCC faces,a working face in the Xinhu Coal Mine was selected as the engineering background.A three-dimensional caving simulation platform suitable for indoor experiments was developed based on similarity theory.Using on-site distribution of top coal block sizes in combination with the three-dimensional experimental platform,this study systematically analyzes caving characteristics,including variations in top coal recovery ratio across different caving processes,differences in the morphology of the caved body,and caving uniformity.[Methods]Based on on-site sampling data,fine sand and white Bali stones were used to simulate bulk top coal and the overlying strata,respectively.The physical parameters of the simulation materials were determined based on the measured properties of coal samples collected on site.During platform construction,acrylic marker plates were used to define the spatial layout of marker points,which were then fixed using adhesive digital tags.Three caving schemes—single-opening,double-opening,and triple-opening—were designed to explore the optimal opening strategy for caving ports in field applications.The simulated top coal particles were screened according to the mass percentages of different size fractions obtained from on-site sampling.During each caving test,the caving ports were opened sequentially,and discharged particles were collected in containers.Once a large volume of gangue was released,the caving ports were closed.To reduce edge effects,the two front supports of the experimental platform were excluded from the caving process.After each test,the pre-set marker points were retrieved.The discharged materials were sieved,and particles of different size ranges were weighed.The masses of top coal and gangue were recorded,and the top coal recovery ratio was calculated.MATLAB was then used to process the data by extracting the marker point coordinates from the data tables.These coordinates were imported into the support model file to reconstruct the morphology of the caved body,enabling further quantitative analysis of top coal caving patterns in the LTCC face.[Results]In soft coal LTCC faces,the top coal recovery ratio decreases as the caving opening length increases.Single-opening caving produces the largest quantity of recovered top coal and yields the highest recovery ratio.Compared with single-opening caving,the top coal recovery ratio decreases by approximately 10%and 32%under double-opening and triple-opening caving conditions,respectively.Significant differences in relative caving volume are observed among the three caving methods.Double-opening caving exhibits the largest fluctuations in relative caving volume and the poorest caving uniformity.In contrast,single-opening caving shows smaller fluctuations and,consequently,better uniformity.Triple-opening caving results in the smallest fluctuations in relative caving volume and provides the best caving uniformity overall.However,for soft coal LTCC faces,or for working faces characterized by highly fragmented top coal dominated by small coal blocks,single-opening caving remains the most effective approach.The caving step length derived from single-opening caving can also be used to determine the appropriate number and placement of monitoring cameras.[Conclusions]The design and application of this simulation experiment platform allow students to directly observe the complete top coal caving process in soft coal LTCC faces.The platform clearly demonstrates how different caving opening lengths influence both the morphology of the caved body and the top coal recovery ratio.By integrating experimental observation with quantitative analysis,the platform stimulates students'interest in top coal caving mechanisms,deepens their understanding of core theoretical concepts,and enhances their ability to identify scientific problems and perform hands-on experimental operations.关键词
综放开采/顶煤放出体/平台研制/实验教学Key words
longwall top coal caving/drawing body/platform development/experiment teaching分类
矿业与冶金引用本文复制引用
李良晖,李冰宇,安博超,肖超圣,许嘉晨,黄昱杰..综采放顶煤模拟实验平台研制与教学实践[J].实验技术与管理,2026,43(2):219-225,7.基金项目
中国矿业大学(北京)2024年研究生教育教学改革项目(YJG2024002) （北京）
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52404159) （52404159）
