天地一体化信息网络2026，Vol.7Issue(1)：49-60,12.DOI:10.11959/j.issn.2096-8930.2026006
超大规模低轨卫星网络的传输层协议性能评估与分析
Performance Evaluation and Analysis of Transport Layer Protocols in Ultra-Large-Scale Low Earth Orbit Satellite Networks
摘要
Abstract
Ultra-large-scale low earth orbit satellite internet,as a core component of space-air-ground integrated networks,is poised to become the cornerstone of next-generation wireless communication system architectures,thanks to its advantages such as high transmis-sion bandwidth,global seamless coverage,and low transmission latency.However,despite their wide application prospects,ultra-large-scale low earth orbit satellite internet still faces various technical bottlenecks in practical deployment,and its network service perfor-mance is severely challenged.For example,the high-speed orbital motion of satellites leads to continuously dynamic network topology;complex space environment effects cause fluctuations in node availability;and frequent satellite-to-ground link switches result in sig-nificant transmission performance degradation.These characteristics mean that traditional terrestrial network transport layer protocols may encounter performance bottlenecks and struggle to adapt to the service performance requirements of ultra-large-scale low earth or-bit satellite Internet.Therefore,it is of great significance to evaluate and analyze the performance of various transport layer protocols in the context of ultra-large-scale low earth orbit satellite internet scenarios.This paper,focusing on ultra-large-scale low earth orbit satellite internet and based on typical constellation configurations and diverse service demands,utilizes the independently developed lightweight satellite internet simulation platform UltraStar to conduct a multi-dimensional performance evaluation and comparative analysis of mainstream transport layer protocols,including UDP,TCP,QUIC,and SCPS-TP.The results indicate that the SCPS-TP protocol demon-strates significant advantages in video service transmission;however,its delay-based congestion control algorithm still requires further refinement.In contrast,TCP and QUIC exhibit comparatively inferior performance in terms of transmission quality and user experi-ence.Although UDP achieves high transmission rates and low latency in this scenario,its inherent lack of reliability results in elevated packet and frame loss rates,thereby constraining its applicability in service scenarios with stringent reliability requirements.关键词
超大规模低轨卫星网络/传输层协议/空间通信协议标准/性能评估Key words
ultra-large-scale LEO satellite networks/transport layer protocol/space communications protocol standard/performance evaluation分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
李亦森,张孟旸,刘晓宇,李涛,周海波..超大规模低轨卫星网络的传输层协议性能评估与分析[J].天地一体化信息网络,2026,7(1):49-60,12.基金项目
国家自然科学基金重大项目(No.62495021,No.62495020) The Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62495021,No.62495020) （No.62495021,No.62495020）
