原子能科学技术2026，Vol.60Issue(3)：532-541,10.DOI:10.7538/yzk.2025.youxian.0475
硝酸盐诱导下地下水中铀的活化作用研究
Study on Nitrate-induced Activation of Uranium in Groundwater
摘要
Abstract
As the primary source of water for drinking and irrigation,groundwater necessitates analysis of the key controlling factors governing uranium contamination,thereby providing theoretical support for the management and control of groundwater pollution.Nitrate(NO3),a prevalent anthropogenic contaminant of groundwater and a potent oxidant,can facilitate the activation and migration of uranium through complex interactions involving chemical constituents and microbial activity.However,the optimal conditions governing NO3-induced U activation under the combined influence of multiple factors remain poorly defined.A deeper understanding of this NO3--mediated process and its controlling factors is essential to elucidate the stability and oxidative release mechanisms of uranium in groundwater systems.To address this critical knowledge gap,the present study employed a comprehensive suite of laboratory-based static batch experiments,utilizing authentic groundwater as the reaction matrix.This study systematically investigated the effects of NO3-concentration,Geobacter metallireducens abundance,pH,and Fe2+concentration on the rate of NO3-mediated U activation.It quantified the influence of NO3-on U oxidation rates across these variables,thereby clarifying its regulatory role and underlying mechanisms in U activation and migration.Results indicate that groundwater pH exhibits a triphasic pattern:an initial increase(acid consumption),followed by a decrease(acid production),and a final increase(acid consumption).Optimal U activation occurrs at pH 6.8 and 7.0.Variations in Eh are primarily driven by changes in Fe2+and U(Ⅵ)concentrations.The production of Fe3+and U(Ⅵ)during activation significantly increases system Eh.Under the experimental conditions,higher Eh values correspond to more effective U activation.The U activation rate shows a positive correlation with initial NO3-concentration,stimulating both Geobacter metallireducens growth and U activation.Above 100 mg/L NO3-,the activation rate plateau,although activation continues.Within the optimal growth pH range for Geobacter metallireducens(6.8-7.0),both bacterial activity and U activation rates are enhanced.Deviation from this pH range inhibits bacterial respiration,consequently reducing U activation.The NO3--mediated U activation rate increases with higher initial Fe2+concentrations,promoting Geobacter metallireducens activity and U activation.Beyond 0.2 mg/L Fe2+,further concentration increases yielded diminishing returns in activation rate.Collectively,these results provide crucial mechanistic insights into the biogeochemical factors governing NO3-mediated U mobilization in groundwater.The identification of optimal pH conditions,concentration thresholds for key reactants(NO3-,Fe2+),and the pivotal role of specific microbial metabolism(Geobacter metallireducens)significantly advances predictive capability regarding U contamination dynamics.This foundational understanding is vital for developing effective strategies to forecast,prevent,and remediate uranium pollution in vulnerable aquifer systems,ultimately safeguarding water resources.关键词
地下水/铀活化/硝酸盐/Fe2+/金属还原地杆菌Key words
groundwater/uranium activation/nitrate/Fe2+/Geobacter metallireducens分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
葛勤,秦祎伟,危超,余圣品,邵政,储小东,张俊朋,李昕妍..硝酸盐诱导下地下水中铀的活化作用研究[J].原子能科学技术,2026,60(3):532-541,10.基金项目
国家自然科学基金(42202288,42262029) （42202288,42262029）
南昌市水文地质与优质地下水资源开发利用重点实验室基金(20251C202) （20251C202）
江西省自然科学基金(20212BAB213007,20232BAB203066) （20212BAB213007,20232BAB203066）
江西省水利厅科技项目(202425YBKT31) （202425YBKT31）
江西省重点研发计划(20232BBG70010) （20232BBG70010）
江西省水资源基础调查项目(赣自然资办函[2024]362号) （赣自然资办函[2024]362号）
江西省技术创新引导类计划项目(2023KDG01010) （2023KDG01010）
