长江科学院院报2026，Vol.43Issue(3)：55-62,8.DOI:10.11988/ckyyb.20241250
水库调度运行下微塑料的迁移规律及防控建议
Migration Patterns and Prevention and Control Strategies for Microplastics under Reservoir Scheduling
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]Microplastics are widely present in reservoirs across China,posing threats to water quality safety and the stability of reservoir ecological functions.Accurately assessing the current status of microplastic pollu-tion in China's reservoirs,analyzing their migration patterns and environmental behavior,and scientifically evalua-ting the associated ecological risks are essential prerequisites for implementing effective management and control measures.[Methods]This study systematically reviewed recent data on microplastic pollution in China's reser-voirs,summarized the impact of reservoir operation on microplastic transport behaviors,analyzed associated ecologi-cal and health risks,and proposed feasible prevention and control strategies based on current plastic restriction poli-cies.[Results]1)Research on microplastic pollution in China's reservoirs primarily focused on the Yangtze River and its tributaries,followed by the Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the Yellow River,the Erdaozha Reservoir on the Haihe River,and the cascade reservoirs in the Shaying River Basin.2)Field investigations revealed that the abundance of microplastics in the Jiayan Reservoir was relatively high,with water column microplastic abundance ranging from approximately 11 000 to 61 700 particles/m3 and sediment microplastic abundance ranging from 2 600 to 15 700 particles/kg.The Three Gorges Reservoir received considerable attention regarding its microplastic pollution status,with water column microplastic abundance ranging from 800 to 6 214 particles/m3 and sediment microplastic abun-dance ranging from 1 031 to 63 081 particles/kg.The Guanyinyan Reservoir on the Jinsha River and the cascade reservoirs in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River exhibited a relatively moderate level of microplastic abundance,while other reservoirs showed comparatively lower levels.3)A diverse range of microplastic types was detected in reservoirs,predominantly smaller than 1 mm.Microplastic shapes included fibers,fragments,films,and microbeads.The primary polymer types identified were polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polystyrene(PS),polyamide(PA),and polyvinyl chloride(PVC).4)In terms of micro-plastic origin,secondary microplastics constituted the majority in reservoirs,mainly derived from plastic waste asso-ciated with daily life,fishing and shipping,agricultural irrigation,and tourism activities.The primary sources of microplastics in reservoirs were upstream areas and tributary inflows.Additionally,rainfall and agricultural irriga-tion facilitated the transport of land-based microplastics into reservoir waters via surface runoff,while atmospheric deposition contributed to the settling of microplastics from the air into reservoir water bodies.[Conclusion]Reser-voirs in China are generally polluted by microplastics,and diverse microplastic types pose potential threats to the ecological environment.Reservoir operations significantly affect the environmental behavior and transport of micro-plastics through dam interception and changes in hydrological and hydrodynamic conditions,indirectly influencing the ecological and environmental effects of microplastics.Currently,effective prevention and control measures for microplastic pollution in reservoirs are insufficient and face significant challenges.We recommend to strengthen the monitoring of microplastic pollution in reservoirs and to develop prevention,control,and removal technologies to al-leviate microplastic pollution in reservoirs and ensure the health of reservoir ecosystems.关键词
微塑料污染/输移过程/生态环境风险/防治对策/水库调度运行Key words
microplastic pollution/transport process/ecological environment risks/countermeasures/reservoir scheduling分类
资源环境引用本文复制引用
陈玉玲,林莉..水库调度运行下微塑料的迁移规律及防控建议[J].长江科学院院报,2026,43(3):55-62,8.基金项目
中国博士后科学基金第75批面上资助项目(2024M752748) （2024M752748）
湖北省自然科学基金杰出青年项目(2023AFA056) （2023AFA056）
湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2024AFB039) （2024AFB039）
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(CKSF20231024/SH) （CKSF20231024/SH）
