地震学报2026，Vol.48Issue(2)：262-286,25.DOI:10.11939/jass.20250060
基于注意力与宽度学习的被动源瑞雷面波频散曲线反演方法
The inversion method of passive-source Rayleigh surface wave dispersion curve based on attention and broad learning
摘要
Abstract
Accurately obtaining subsurface structural information is crucial for various applica-tions such as resource exploration,engineering geological assessment,and seismic hazard pre-diction.Rayleigh wave dispersion curves,as geophysical data that carry rich information on subsurface medium properties,are widely inverted to estimate shear wave velocity,layer thick-ness,and other key parameters,thus providing detailed velocity structures of the underground structure.In practical applications,the stability,generalization capability,and computational efficiency of the dispersion curve inversion algorithm directly determine the quality of the reconstructed shear wave velocity profile.Therefore,developing high-precision and efficient inversion methods has long been a key research focus and challenge in surface wave data pro-cessing. This paper proposes an intelligent inversion method for Rayleigh wave dispersion curves by integrating a self-attention mechanism with a Broad Learning System(BLS).Within the BLS framework,the self-attention mechanism is employed to capture global dependencies,ena-bling dynamic weighting and deep fusion of the multi-modal features embedded in dispersion curves.This enhances the model's ability to extract and represent sensitive frequency bands and deep-level features.The introduction of the self-attention mechanism not only improves the dis-criminative power of feature extraction,but also effectively mitigates the representational bot-tleneck of traditional shallow neural networks when modeling complex nonlinear mappings.Consequently,it further optimizes the high-dimensional nonlinear mapping relationship be-tween dispersion data and shear-wave velocity parameters. To systematically validate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method,com-prehensive numerical simulation tests and real data tests are carried out in this study.Three typical geological models are adoped for numerical simulation:a velocity-increasing model,a model with a low-velocity weak interlayer,and a model with a high-velocity hard interlayer.Theoretical synthetic microtremor data are generated using passive source numerical simula-tion,and the phase shift method is employed to extract dispersion energy images from the syn-thetic microtremor data. Dispersion curves of the fundamental mode alone are insufficient to fully and accurately characterize complex subsurface conditions,especially when resolving sharp velocity contrasts.Higher-mode surface waves,which exhibit distinct sensitivities to subsurface structures at dif-ferent depths,can provide additional constraints on formation properties.Therefore,joint inversion of fundamental and higher-mode dispersion curves is essential for achieving higher inversion accuracy.Analyses of the cross-correlation functions and dispersion energy distribu-tions of the three models revealed the following characteristics:① in the velocity-increasing model,the microtremor signal is dominated by the fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave;② in the model with a low-velocity weak interlayer,fundamental-mode Rayleigh wave energy is concen-trated between 3-10 Hz,accompanied by significant higher-mode energy;③ in the model with a high-velocity hard interlayer,the first higher-mode Rayleigh wave energy dominates whthin specific frequency bands.Based on these observations,a differentiated multi-mode joint inver-sion strategy was implemented:joint inversion of the fundamental and the first higher modes was applied to the velocity-increasing model and the high-velocity hard interlayer model,whereas joint inversion incorporating up to the third higher modes was adopted for the low-velocity weak interlayer model. Inversion results for the three typical models were compared among the proposed method,the standard BLS,and the genetic algorithm(GA).While the dispersion curves forward-calculated from all three algorithms showed good agreement with the theoretical curves,the attention-based BLS method yielded the smallest average relative errors.Furthermore,the aver-age relative errors in both shear wave velocity and layer thickness derived from the multi-mode joint inversion are significantly lower than those obtained using the fundamental mode alone.Field passive source data were also used for surface wave inversion to validate the practical applicability of the proposed method.The results indicate that the attention-based BLS inver-sion achieves smaller average relative errors and superior stability.More importantly,the inver-ted shear wave velocity profile shows good consistency with the borehole logging data. In conclusion,the attention-based BLS inversion method proposed in this paper not only provides a novel approach for the intelligent interpretation of surface wave dispersion curves,but also holds significant potential for engineering applications.This method is expected to be widely applicable in urban subsurface space detection,major engineering foundation evalu-ation,geohazard identification,and mineral resource exploration.关键词
频散曲线反演/宽度学习/自注意力机制/特征提取Key words
dispersion curve inversion/Broad Learning System/self-attention mechanism/feature extraction分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
卢仙娜,简世凯,陈伟,李凌,金彦,未晛,况孟扬..基于注意力与宽度学习的被动源瑞雷面波频散曲线反演方法[J].地震学报,2026,48(2):262-286,25.基金项目
中国地球物理学会工程物探检测重点实验室开放研究基金、长江大学非常规油气省部共建协同创新中心开放基金(UOG2024-19)和北京劳动保障职业学院基金(202519)共同资助. （UOG2024-19）
