干旱区研究2026，Vol.43Issue(3)：564-573,10.DOI:10.13866/j.azr.2026.03.10
油莎豆在新疆干旱区的适应性机制与栽培策略
Adaptive mechanisms and cultivation strategies of Cyperus esculentus in the arid regions of Xinjiang
摘要
Abstract
Heterogeneous environmental gradients significantly constrain the cultivation of Cyperus esculentus on marginal lands in arid Xinjiang.To evaluate its adaptive potential,a multi-site trial was conducted in 2024 at three locations:Jinghe(characterized by high temperature and saline-alkaline infertility),Aksu(high temperature and drought under inefficient flood irrigation),and Fukang(characterized by limited heat and poor water reten-tion,conditions mitigated by plastic-mulched drip irrigation).Ten genotypes,including local and introduced culti-vars,were assessed for emergence,plant height,tuber yield,thousand-kernel weight(TKW),and tuber diameter using a split-plot design with three replications.Soil properties were analyzed,and data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance to quantify environmental,genotypic,and genotype×environment(G×E)interaction ef-fects using partial eta-squared(η2).Results revealedthe environment to be the dominant source of variation,signif-icantly(P<0.001)affecting all traits(η2>0.55).Distinct adaptation strategies emerged across sites.Under severe saline-alkaline stress in Jinghe(total salts,3.70 g·kg-1;organic matter,5.04 g·kg-1),plants adopted a conservative survival strategy,resulting in the lowest height(36.3 cm),yield(4.48 t·hm-2),and TKW(534.3 g).In Aksu,de-spite sufficient heat,inefficient irrigation combined with sandy soil led to moderate yield(7.40 t·hm-2)and TKW(581.1 g),whereas trait correlations weakened,thereby increasing the influence of genetic background effects.In Fukang,plastic-mulched drip irrigation overcame natural constraints,enabling a high-yield strategy with the high-est height(103.3 cm),yield(10.28 t·hm-2),and TKW(633.8 g).Significant G×E interactions occurred for yield and height.Cluster analysis identified three adaptation types:widely adaptable(represented solely by Zhongyou-sha No.1,which yielding 6.80-12.57 t·hm-2 consistently),low-yielding,and moderate environment-dependent types.Stress regimes reshaped trait networks:severe stress in Jingheimproved synergy between early traits and yield(r>0.80);moderate water stress in Aksu weakened correlations;and optimized conditions in Fukang in-duced a yield-TKW trade-off(r=-0.43).In conclusion,environmental gradients drive adaptive differentiation in tiger nut,with saline-alkaline stress identified as the key bottleneck.Altered trait correlations indicate strategic shifts from survival synergy to yield-quality trade-offs.Significant G×E interactions and the resilience of Zhongy-ousha No.1 highlight genotype-specific adaptation.These findings support precision management strategies—sa-linity control in Jinghe,irrigation optimization in Aksu,and yield-kernel balance in Fukang—to unlock the crop's po-tential on marginal lands.关键词
基因型×环境互作/边际土地/盐碱胁迫/适应性分化/农艺设计优化Key words
genotype×environment interaction/marginal lands/saline-alkali stress/adaptive differentiation/ag-ronomic design and optimization引用本文复制引用
孙继梦,桑巴叶,古丽米娜·吐尔孙江,王玉霞,陈启民..油莎豆在新疆干旱区的适应性机制与栽培策略[J].干旱区研究,2026,43(3):564-573,10.基金项目
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发计划项目(2022B02040-4) （2022B02040-4）
