高压物理学报2026，Vol.40Issue(4)：11-20,10.DOI:10.11858/gywlxb.20251257
高压下H2分子型氢化物高温超导体的研究进展
Research Progress on High-Temperature H2-Molecular-Type Hydride under High Pressure
摘要
Abstract
The synthesis of the room-temperature superconductor LaSc2H24 represents a significant milestone in the field of superconductivity research.A central goal of subsequent studies is to lower the stabilization pressure required for hydrogen-rich superconductors,thereby establishing both theoretical foundation and technical pathway toward achieving low-pressure room-temperature superconductivity.This paper reviews recent advances in the prediction and experimental synthesis of hydride materials,with a focus on a promising strategy for realizing high-temperature superconductivity at reduced pressures—namely,H2-molecular-typehydride.The superconducting mechanism dominated by molecular H2 units is redefined,offering a new perspective for understanding phonon-mediated superconductivity.In H2-molecular-type hydrides,a nearly free-electron gas behavior has been clearly observed.These delocalized electrons exhibit metallic bonding characteristics while retaining fragments of molecular hydrogen.This finding indicates that the essential condition for superconducting transition is the formation of a Fermi sea hosting Cooper pairs,rather than complete dissociation into atomic hydrogen.The generation mechanism of the free-electron gas in these materials can be effectively explained using a finite potential well model.The distinctive electronic properties of these compounds under high pressure,combined with enhanced electron-phonon coupling,establish a novel paradigm for designing low-pressure,high-temperature,and potentially room-temperature superconductors.关键词
高压/H2分子型氢化物/电声耦合/高温超导Key words
high pressure/hydrogen molecular hydrides/electron-phonon coupling/high-temperature superconductivity分类
数理科学引用本文复制引用
魏鑫苗,刘召,崔田..高压下H2分子型氢化物高温超导体的研究进展[J].高压物理学报,2026,40(4):11-20,10.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2022YFA1402304,2023YFA1406200) （2022YFA1402304,2023YFA1406200）
国家自然科学基金(12304021) （12304021）
