湖南大学学报（自然科学版）2026，Vol.53Issue(3)：108-118,11.DOI:10.16339/j.cnki.hdxbzkb.2026029
融合视觉测量和Transformer的桥梁裂缝智能检测与三维映射
Bridge crack intelligent detection and three-dimensional mapping by integrating visual measurement and Transformer algorithm
摘要
Abstract
UAV inspection has been an important method for detecting the visible defects of bridges.To address the problems of unstable image quality caused by UAV vibration,poor performance of convolutional neural networks(CNNs)in small-scale crack detection and difficulty in crack positioning,a bridge crack intelligent detection and three-dimensional mapping method using integrated visual measurement and Transformer algorithm is proposed.This method establishes an image acquisition based on the Real-ESRGan image super-resolution algorithm to restore blurred images and to achieve efficient collection of high-quality bridge images.Subsequently,under the complex bridge background conditions,this method constructs a framework integrating the Detection Transformer algorithm and digital image processing method to identify,extract,and visually highlight the cracks.Then,this method processes crack-highlighted images through multi-view stereo matching to generate dense points cloud and construct a detailed bridge model,enabling the three-dimensional mapping and localization of cracks.Taking the Jinjiang River Bridge in Changsha City as the experimental subject,2 316 bridge appearance images were captured by UAV for generating a three-dimensional real-scene model,and 479 detailed images were captured for defect detection.The Real ESRGan algorithm was used to restore motion-blurred images.The detailed model of the bridge defect part established has a pixel resolution of 0.25 mm/pixel;the minimum relative error of crack width measurement is 1.37%,and the maximum relative error is 9.90%.The experimental results demonstrate that the intelligent detection and three-dimensional mapping method for bridge cracks,integrating visual measurement and Transformer algorithm,can effectively enhance detection efficiency,ensure safety,and achieve digital,intelligent,and visual bridge crack detection,holding significant research value and broad application prospects.关键词
桥梁/裂缝检测/无人机/三维建模/TransformerKey words
bridges/crack detection/UAV/three-dimensional modeling/Transformer分类
交通工程引用本文复制引用
余加勇,杨睿韬,王昱东,彭志豪,周劲..融合视觉测量和Transformer的桥梁裂缝智能检测与三维映射[J].湖南大学学报（自然科学版）,2026,53(3):108-118,11.基金项目
湖南省水利科技项目(XSKJ2021000-46),Hunan Water Resources Science and Technology Project(XSKJ2021000-46) （XSKJ2021000-46）
湖南省自然资源厅科技计划项目(20230120DZ),Science and Technology Plan Project of Department of Natural Resources of Hunan Province(20230120DZ) （20230120DZ）
