航空兵器2026，Vol.33Issue(1)：74-83,10.DOI:10.12132/ISSN.1673-5048.2025.0127
基于D型战斗部的目标空间交会模型构建与仿真
Construction and Simulation of Aerial Rendezvous Model for Targets Based on D-Type Warhead
摘要
Abstract
Objective D-shaped directional warheads become critical damage units in advanced air defense mis-siles due to their energy concentration characteristics.However,existing research predominantly focuses on static power field characterization,with insufficient attention to the dynamic rendezvous process between warheads and high-speed maneuvering targets.This limitation hinders accurate description of fragment spatial-temporal distribution and penetration effects.This study aims to estab-lish a missile-target rendezvous model,reveal the dynamic intersection laws between directional frag-ment dispersion characteristics and maneuvering targets,and develop an efficient penetration damage region identification method to provide theoretical basis for optimizing fuze coordination design and enhancing directional lethality of air defense missiles. Methods D-shaped warhead models with central angles ranging from 80° to 160° are established,featuring eccentric linear initiation,tungsten alloy fragments,and 8701 explosive.Based on typical fighter dimensions(Table 2),an equivalent geometric model is constructed.Key components are equivalently transformed into duralumin using the equivalent model calculation formula(2),with equivalent thicknesses calculated for wings,fuel tanks,engine,and cockpit canopy(Table 3).To describe the rendezvous process,a three-dimensional coordinate system with the warhead as origin is established.Analytical formulas for fragment impact time and missile attitude angles are derived based on rendezvous geometric relationships(Eqs.3～8),and relative position coordinates of the fighter under six typical operating conditions are calculated(Table 4).Fragment dispersion character-istics of warheads with different central angles are analyzed using Autodyn finite element simulation(Table 5),and fragment initial velocity distributions are obtained through the layered sectioning method(Figs.7～8,Table 6).After analyzing the fragment dispersion characteristics,an Autodyn-Matlab co-simulation platform is developed:fragment dispersion data calculated in Autodyn are imported into Matlab,where target motion parameters are set according to the rendezvous model.Simulation terminates when accumulated hit fragments reach 80%of total fragments(Fig.10).For damage region identification,a contour recognition algorithm combining 2D convex hull and Möller-Trumbore algorithm is proposed.Firstly,fragment impact points are projected onto a 2D plane and enveloped using the convex hull algorithm;Then,the Möller-Trumbore algorithm is applied to back-project this contour onto the fighter model surface;Finally,surface correction and optimization are performed through Delaunay triangulation and natural neighbor interpolation to achieve damage region identification(Figs.13～17). Results and Discussions Finite element simulation results indicate that the fragment dispersion concentration region is approximately±10°,within which 80%～90%of fragments are distributed(Table 5).The fragment dispersion pattern of the representative 120° D-shaped warhead is shown in Fig.6.Fragment initial velocity statistics reveal that after excluding the outermost two groups of frag-ments,the standard deviation of core region fragment velocity decreases to approximately 100 m/s,with the number proportion being approximately 80%(Table 6),validating the rationality of treating core region fragments as having uniform direction and velocity.The velocity distribution of 120° D-shaped warhead fragments is presented in Fig.8.Kinetic energy analysis shows that fragments reach maximum velocity within an extremely short time and maintain this velocity during dispersion(Fig.9).Co-simulation results under six operating conditions demonstrate that the average impact time of fragments on the fighter cockpit canopy ranges from 1.02 ms to 2.127 ms.When fragments reach the average impact time,the impacting fragments account for approximately 50%of total fragments,with a time standard deviation within 0.25 ms(Table 7).Simulation states for operating condition 3 are shown in Fig.11.To validate the rationality of the co-simulation platform,the first fragment impact time is compared with pure Autodyn dynamic explosion simulation results(Fig.12).The first frag-ment impact time observed in co-simulation(1.57 ms)shows excellent agreement with the Autodyn simulation result(1.6 ms),with an error of only approximately 1.9%,demonstrating that the co-simulation platform accurately reflects the missile-target rendezvous process.Regarding damage region identification,the proposed algorithm successfully identifies the fragment impact contour on the fighter surface(Figs.14～I7).The traditional three-dimensional convex hull wrapping algorithm(Fig.18)is difficult to remove redundant surfaces,and the Alpha Shapes algorithm requires tedious Alpha coeffi-cient adjustment to avoid undesirable holes.In contrast,this method is simpler to operate and can efficiently deal with the problem of damage area identification of fighters by D-type warhead frag-ments. Conclusions This study establishes a comprehensive"D-shaped warhead-fighter"dynamic rendez-vous model and simulation system.Fragment dispersion characteristics reveal a concentration region of approximately±10°,containing 80%～90%of fragments,with a core region velocity standard deviation of approximately 100 m/s,confirming the rationality of treating core fragments as having uni-form direction and velocity.The Autodyn-Matlab co-simulation platform demonstrates excellent agree-ment with full finite element simulation results(1.9%error for first impact time),enabling efficient analysis of the rendezvous process.The proposed contour recognition algorithm combining 2D convex hull and Möller-Trumbore algorithms,enhanced with surface correction and optimization,provides an effective tool for rapid identification of fragment group damage regions on fighter surfaces.This study provides theoretical reference for fuze coordination optimization and directional lethality enhancement of air defense missiles.Future research may incorporate air resistance effects to investigate fragment velocity attenuation laws,enabling more accurate missile-target rendezvous models and improved dam-age assessment accuracy against fighter critical components.关键词
高速碰撞动力学/D型战斗部/弹目交会/Autodyn-Matlab联合仿真/破片轮廓识别算法Key words
high-speed collision dynamics/D-type warhead/missile-target rendezvous/Autodyn-Matlab joint simulation/fragment contour recognition algorithm分类
军事科技引用本文复制引用
张壮壮,张冬梅,宁罗银,何隆,张宇..基于D型战斗部的目标空间交会模型构建与仿真[J].航空兵器,2026,33(1):74-83,10.基金项目
山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021212190) （202303021212190）
