上海预防医学2026，Vol.38Issue(2)：108-115,8.DOI:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2026.250285
2023年云南省中学生抑郁症状流行的影响因素
Influencing factors on the prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Yunnan Province in 2023
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of depressive symptoms among middle school(junior,senior,and vocational high school)students in Yunnan Province,China,and to inform evidence-based intervention strategies for adolescent mental health.[Methods]A cross-sectional survey was conducted between October and November 2023 using stratified random cluster sampling.Students from eight counties(districts)across four prefectures(cities)in Yunnan Province were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D).Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to examine factors associated with depressive symptoms,with stratified analyses conducted by gender,educational stage,and ethnicity.[Results]A total of 4 672 questionnaires were distributed,with 4 670 valid questionnaires retrieved,yielding a valid response rate of 99.96%.The surveyed participants were predominantly female students(50.81%),junior high school students(49.13%),ethnic minorities(52.78%),and urban residents(79.29%).The mean CES-D score for middle school students in Yunnan Province was(15.31±10.83).Female students had a significantly higher mean score(16.63±11.41)than male students(13.95±10.02)(P<0.001).Senior high school students had a significantly higher mean score(16.61±10.61)compared to both junior high school students(14.74±11.45)and vocational high school students(13.10±7.71)(all pairwise comparisons P<0.001).The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Yunnan Province was 28.18%.The prevalence was significantly higher in females(34.09%)than in males(22.07%).By school type,the detection rate was highest among senior high school students(33.39%),followed by junior high school students(26.29%)and vocational high school students(17.27%)(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.86‒2.50),being in junior high school(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.84‒3.20)or senior high school(OR=2.27,95%CI:1.73‒2.98),not living with parents(OR=1.24,95%CI:1.07‒1.44),irregular breakfast consumption(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.33‒1.75),lack of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)(OR=1.69,95%CI:1.37‒2.09),sleep duration≤5 h per night(OR=2.52,95%CI:2.02‒3.14)or 6‒7 h per night(OR=1.47,95%CI:1.25‒1.73),smoking(OR=1.86,95%CI:1.56‒2.23),and alcohol consumption(OR=1.81,95%CI:1.54‒2.13)were positively associated with depressive symptoms.In contrast,screen time≤1 h(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.59‒0.86)was negatively associated with depressive symptoms.Stratified analyses showed that female students not living with parents(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.06‒1.58),senior high school students(OR=1.51,95%CI:1.21‒1.88),and Han Chinese students(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.11‒1.69)were more likely to experience depressive symptoms.Han Chinese students who smoked were also more likely to have depressive symptoms(OR=1.72,95%CI:1.34‒2.21).In contrast,male students with screen time≤1 h(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.53‒0.95)and ethnic minority students(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.58‒0.95)were less likely to experience depressive symptoms.Regardless of gender,irregular breakfast consumption,lack of MVPA,sleep duration less than 8 h per night,smoking,and alcohol consumption were all positively associated with depressive symptoms(P<0.05).Among both junior and senior high school students,irregular breakfast consumption,lack of MVPA,smoking,and alcohol consumption were positively associated with depressive symptoms(all P<0.05),while screen time≤1 h was negatively associated with depressive symptoms(all P<0.05).For junior high school students,engaging in 1‒2 days of MVPA per week,screen time more than 2 h per day,and sleep duration 6‒7 h per night were all positively associated with depressive symptoms(all P<0.05).Among junior high,senior high,and vocational high school students,sleep duration≤5 h per night was positively associated with depressive symptoms(P<0.05).For both Han Chinese and ethnic minority students,irregular breakfast consumption,lack of MVPA,sleep duration less than 8 h per night,and alcohol consumption were all positively associated with depressive symptoms(all P<0.05).[Conclusion]The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle school students in Yunnan Province is comparable to that in central China and higher than that in northern regions.Prevention and control efforts should prioritize female students and those in junior and senior high school stages.Universal improvements in lifestyle behaviors among middle school students,such as regular breakfast consumption,MVPA,sufficient sleep(≥8 h),and abstinence from smoking and alcohol.Particular attention should be given to limiting excessive screen time among junior high school students and addressing the mental health needs of females not living with their parents,senior high school students,and Han Chinese students.关键词
云南省/中学生/抑郁症状/影响因素/logistic回归分析Key words
Yunnan Province/middle school student/depressive symptom/influencing factor/logistic regression analysis分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
穆晓东,刘宏,杨帆,李图南,倪俊煜,杨云娟..2023年云南省中学生抑郁症状流行的影响因素[J].上海预防医学,2026,38(2):108-115,8.基金项目
云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2025Y1215) （2025Y1215）
云南省高层次科技人才及创新团队专项——中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202405AC350014) （202405AC350014）
云南省疾病预防控制中心有组织科研项目(YNAPM2025-006) （YNAPM2025-006）
昆明市中青年学术和技术带头人项目(KMRCD-2018011) （KMRCD-2018011）
