摘要
Abstract
The United States'reliance on enterprises to actively build,develop,and operate national-level R&D platforms is a crucial measure to promote the continuous development of scientific and technological innovation.This paper analyzes four main models.First,enterprise operates federally funded national laboratories,such as Honeywell's wholly-owned subsidiary operating Sandia National Laboratories.Second,enterprise collaborates with the government and universities to build national technology innovation centers,such as in the"Manufacturing USA",where enterprise plays multiple roles as technology definers,funders,results verifiers et cetera.Third,enterprise becomes lead contractor for national advanced technology projects,such as Lockheed Martin leading the"Falcon Program,"responsible for program design,breakthrough materials,thermal protection systems and system integration.Fourth,enterprise collaborates with national research institutions on major research projects,such as IBM's collaboration with Brookhaven National Laboratory on quantum computing research.The article proposes recommendations for China to build national-level R&D platforms anchored by enterprises.Key recommendations include clarifying strategic positioning,systematically building capabilities,shifting from project-driven to platform-driven approaches,and optimizing collaboration and open mechanisms.关键词
美国/企业/国家级研发平台/国家实验室/联邦资助的研发中心Key words
the United States/enterprises/national-level R&D platforms/national laboratories/Federally Funded R&D Centers分类
管理科学
