石油与天然气地质2026，Vol.47Issue(2)：366-384,19.DOI:10.11743/ogg20260202
万米深层油气地质学理论与极限勘探深度的挑战及资源潜力
Theory of petroleum geology at 10 000-meter depth:Challenges of hydrocarbon exploration depth limits and resource potential
摘要
Abstract
The successful drilling of well Shendi Take-1 has opened a new era in the petroleum industry,marking the beginning of 10 000-meter deep hydrocarbon exploration.Consequently,investigating the hydrocarbon exploration depth to its limits and the boundaries for hydrocarbon occurrence has become a hot topic in the geological community.In this study,we present a systematic summary of the discoveries and geological theory of hydrocarbon exploration at a depth of 10 000 m.The hydrocarbon generation potential of the Nanhua,Ediacaran,and Cambrian source rocks is quantitatively assessed.It is demonstrated that the depth threshold for preserving liquid oil extends up to 9 000 m in basins with low geothermal gradients,thereby enhancing the potential for ultra-deep oil exploration.Mechanisms responsible for the preservation of large-scale oil reservoirs formed 250 million years ago are identified,supporting the exploration of ultra-deep ancient hydrocarbon reservoirs.Furthermore,it is proposed that carbonate reservoirs exhibit no definitive lower depth limit.Additionally,a new type of fractured-vuggy oil reservoirs,formed by complex seepage processes and characterized by multiple oil-water interfaces,is identified.This discovery reveals the mechanisms by which secondary geochemical processes modify the properties and phases of hydrocarbons.Ultra-high oil and gas columns are discovered in ultra-deep reservoirs,revealing the enrichment and distribution patterns of hydrocarbons in high-yield and high-efficiency wells.These findings provide theoretical support for achieving major hydrocarbon discoveries in ultra-deep reservoirs and for reshaping hydrocarbon exploration strategies.Furthermore,they also open the new frontier of hydrocarbon exploration at a depth of 10 000 m,marking a new era for the petroleum industry.Additionally,we analyze major challenges in the geological theory of hydrocarbon exploration at such a depth,propose the concept of limit hydrocarbon exploration depth,and examine the boundaries for hydrocarbon occurrence.It is therefore essential to accelerate efforts to bridge the knowledge gap created by the high temperature and high pressure conditions in the Earth's interior,thereby enabling free hydrocarbon exploration within the limit depth range.Such progress will help position hydrocarbon resources in 10 000-m-deep plays as a vital component in safeguarding China's energy security.关键词
深地塔科1井/油气赋存边界/极限勘探深度/万米深层/南华系/震旦系/寒武系/深层油气勘探Key words
well Shendi Take-1/hydrocarbon occurrence boundary/limit hydrocarbon exploration depth/10 000-meter-deep play/Nanhua System/Sinian System/Cambrian System/deep oil and gas exploration分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
朱光有,杨海军,谭清文..万米深层油气地质学理论与极限勘探深度的挑战及资源潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2026,47(2):366-384,19.基金项目
国家自然科学基金委重点项目(42230812). （42230812）
