天然气工业2026，Vol.46Issue(3)：33-44,12.DOI:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2026.03.003
天然氢气资源分布特征、勘探开发技术现状与挑战
Exploration,development and prospect of natural hydrogen reservoirs:Technical status,challenges,and such prospect in China
摘要
Abstract
Natural hydrogen is a kind of ideal energy to promote global energy transition.However,the production of natural hydrogen mainly depends on the reforming of fossil fuels,which makes it difficult to solve the contradictions between energy and environment.As the potential large-scale clean resources,the exploration,development and utilization of natural hydrogen reservoirs can promote the transformation of energy structure to a cleaner and sustainable direction,but the dedicated exploration and development technologies remain immature,and there is limited systematic drilling practice at home and abroad,which restricts the industrial development and utilization of natural hydrogen resources.By means of literature investigation,technical review and domestic and international comparative analysis comprehensively,this paper systematically analyzes the origin and distribution of natural hydrogen reservoirs,as well as the development status and challenges of domestic and international exploration and development technologies,and forecasts the prospect of natural hydrogen reservoir exploration and development in China.The following results are obtained.First,natural hydrogen is mainly derived from the geological processes such as earth core and mantle degassing,serpentinization,and water radiolysis.It diffuses upward through faults and fractures and accumulates to form natural hydrogen reservoirs,which is a dynamic process of consumption and replenishment.Second,to explore natural hydrogen reservoirs,the traditional oil and gas exploration methods shall be improved from the aspects of remote sensing,geochemistry,geophysics,logging,etc.,and the sensors with higher sensitivity shall be developed to improve the detection accuracy and efficiency.Third,to ensure the safe drilling in natural hydrogen reservoirs,it is necessary to develop a full set of drilling tools including novel hydrogen embrittlement resistant drill pipes,wellhead devices and casings,as well as special drilling fluid additives and systems,carry out real-time analysis of formation characteristics and hydrogen shows by means of logging while drilling technology,and establish real-time well control and drilling optimization methods.In conclusion,natural hydrogen reservoirs are promising in development and utilization.Through the in-depth understanding of the accumulation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of natural hydrogen and the innovation of exploration and development technologies,China is expected to quickly realize the shift of natural hydrogen reservoirs from potential resources to usable energies.关键词
碳中和/天然氢气藏/氢气藏勘探技术/氢气藏钻井技术/氢气藏开采技术Key words
Carbon neutrality/Natural hydrogen reservoir/Hydrogen reservoir exploration technology/Hydrogen reservoir drilling technology/Hydrogen reservoir production technology分类
能源科技引用本文复制引用
黄维安,耿云秀,宿振国,赵志强,刘均一,赵雪钰..天然氢气资源分布特征、勘探开发技术现状与挑战[J].天然气工业,2026,46(3):33-44,12.基金项目
国家自然基金项目"引入可靠性理论研究层理性页岩力-化-渗-热耦合井壁稳定化学调控方法与机理"(编号:52374026)、"具有温度开关效应的环保型钻井液封堵剂研制及其作用机理"(编号:51974351),山东省自然基金项目"基于页岩气非饱和特征的井壁坍塌模型构建与求解"(编号:ZR2024ME125). （编号:52374026）
