物理学报2026，Vol.75Issue(6)：77-89,13.DOI:10.7498/aps.75.20251709
铁磁金属薄膜体系中的各向异性磁阻尼
Anisotropic magnetic damping in ferromagnetic metallic thin films
摘要
Abstract
Magnetic damping refers to the physical parameter describing how the magnetization vector M dissipates energy and eventually returns to its equilibrium orientation after being perturbed.It directly governs energy dissipation and response speed in spintronic devices.Traditionally,magnetic damping is regarded as an isotropic material constant.However,as material systems enter the nanoscale thin-film regime,reduced dimensionality and interface effects break spatial symmetry.Recent theoretical and experimental studies have revealed that the magnitude of magnetic damping strongly depends on the direction of magnetization,prompting a shift from a scalar-to a tensor-based description. This review systematically surveys research progress in this field from historical development,material systems,physical mechanisms,modulation approaches to characterization methods.Different material systems exhibit different characteristics:the properties of single-layer films are predominantly governed by crystal symmetry,whereas interfacial effects dominate in multilayer films.The physical origin of magnetic damping is jointly determined by intrinsic factors such as electronic density of states and spin-orbit coupling and extrinsic factors including two-magnon scattering and interface effects.Among these,spin-orbit coupling serves as a crucial bridge connecting microscopic electronic structure with macroscopic magnetization dynamics.In terms of modulation techniques,the methods of achieving anisotropic magnetic damping through structural design,fabrication processes,and compositional control have become relatively mature.Regarding characterization,complementary mainstream techniques such as ferromagnetic resonance(FMR)and time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect(TR-MOKE)are now widely applied. In the future,the research on anisotropic magnetic damping should be promoted simultaneously in basic studies such as multiphysics filed coupling and quantum effects,as well as device integration and application exploration,in order to promote the development of next-generation high-performance spintronic devices.关键词
各向异性磁阻尼/铁磁薄膜/自旋电子器件Key words
anisotropic magnetic damping/ferromagnetic thin films/spintronic devices引用本文复制引用
刘文文,雷明月,马子骐,吴欢,徐展,刘二..铁磁金属薄膜体系中的各向异性磁阻尼[J].物理学报,2026,75(6):77-89,13.基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(批准号:51601093)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(批准号:30923010923,30925010323)和江苏省卓越博士后计划(批准号:2024ZB688)资助的课题. Project supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51601093),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.30923010923,30925010323),and the Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.2024ZB688). （批准号:51601093）
