制冷学报2026，Vol.47Issue(2)：20-25,6.DOI:10.12465/issn.0253-4339.20241113003
稀释制冷机蒸馏室出口超流氦爬膜抑制结构的性能评估
Performance Evaluation of Suppression Structure for Superfluid Helium Film Flow at the Exit of Dilution Refrigerator Still Chamber
摘要
Abstract
Superfluid helium(4He)exhibits special phenomena such as anomalous thermal conduction,fountain,and crawling film effects at sub-Kelvin temperatures owing to its quantum properties.Dilution refrigerators utilize 3He as the working fluid for circulation.3He produces cooling effects as it passes through the phase interface in the mixing chamber.It is then pumped out by a room-temperature pump after evaporation in the still chamber.The superfluid helium inside the still chamber forms a liquid film on the wall and flows toward higher temperatures.This results in significant heat leakage owing to its anomalous thermal conductivity.The superfluid helium liquid film also affects the purity of 3He during the circulation process,thereby influencing the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator.The"knife-edge"and"small orifice"structures are the primary means for suppressing superfluid helium films.This study analyzed the impact of the purity of the working fluid 3He on the cooling capacity of the dilution refrigerator and the limitation placed on the system's 3He circulation flow rate by the size of the"small orifice".Experimental tests were conducted to measure the mass flow rate of the superfluid helium crawling film at 0.95 K with two types of suppression structures:"small orifice"and"knife-edge with small orifice".The use of"knife-edge with small orifice"resulted in a 35.6%improvement in the suppression effect of the superfluid helium crawling film compared with the use of"small orifice"alone.关键词
稀释制冷机/超流氦爬膜/刀口/小孔Key words
dilution refrigerator/superfluid helium film flow/knife-edge/small orifice分类
通用工业技术引用本文复制引用
李志恒,程维军,时文华,王亚男,张鹏,戴巍..稀释制冷机蒸馏室出口超流氦爬膜抑制结构的性能评估[J].制冷学报,2026,47(2):20-25,6.基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2203400),国家自然科学基金(52176027)资助项目.The project was supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2203400)and National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52176027). （2021YFC2203400）
