灾害学2026，Vol.41Issue(2)：1-14,14.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2026.02.001
民众灾害意识:概念建构与测量探析
Public Disaster Awareness(PDA):Concept Construction and Measurement Analysis
摘要
Abstract
Raising people's disaster awareness is a prerequisite for enhancing their disaster-coping capacities.Al-though"disaster awareness"has long been a very common term in academic circles,disaster management communities,and even society at large,there still remains a notable lack of sufficient discussion regarding what this awareness of the general public specifically refers to,and how it can be concretely measured across different types of hazards and disasters,varied population groups,and diverse physical and socio-economic contexts.First,by reviewing the current understand-ing of the concept of disaster awareness of the public domestically and internationally,and particularly by drawing upon concepts of environmental awareness and environmental literacy in the field of environmental studies,we define Public Di-saster Awareness(PDA)as people's state of understanding and level of concern regarding disaster and disaster-reduction issues,as well as their capacity-building for and proactive actions in disaster-reduction practices;we further posit that PDA is an organic integration of multifaceted factors,encompassing people's psychology,knowledge,capabilities,and behav-iors.Next,based on this new definition,UNISDR's terminology on public awareness,the authors'extensive relevant re-search experience,and other valuable factors,we propose an education objective-oriented dimensional construct for PDA concept under the overarching guidance of UNESCO-UNEP's classic understanding of the categories of environmental education objectives.Specifically,the proposed PDA dimensional construct comprises five specific dimensions:①disas-ter sensitivity and risk perception,②acquisition of disaster knowledge,③mastery of disaster-coping measures and skills,④attitudes and values,and ⑤proactive disaster-reduction behaviors and participation.We also discuss the advantages of this novel dimensional construct,which is grounded in insights from relevant educational theory and designed to,in turn,facilitate better disaster education practices.Furthermore,focusing on earthquake hazards and disasters,we subsequently identify several general principles for establishing PDA indicators that are universally applicable to other kinds of hazards and disasters as well,including"common knowledge orientation"and public-accessibility&friendliness,place-specificity,group-appropriateness,and keeping pace with the times.Finally,building on the authors'extensive experi-ence with questionnaire surveys on various disaster topics,we summarize several targeted strategies for developing ques-tionnaires that aim at measuring PDA in particular,containing planning of questionnaire item types,guidance by applica-tion goals,and re-examination of place-specificity.The proposed education objective-oriented dimensional construct of the PDA concept holds significant theoretical values for exploring both"disaster awareness"and"disaster education".Meanwhile,the principles for constructing PDA indicators that derive from examining public awareness regarding earth-quake hazards and disasters,and the strategies for developing PDA questionnaires that are grounded in the research team's extensive disaster-focused survey experience both offer valuable references and promising transferable practical implica-tions for addressing similar issues regarding other types of hazards and disasters.关键词
民众灾害意识/定义和维度/指标和问卷/灾害教育/环境教育目标分类体系/地震灾害Key words
Public Disaster Awareness(PDA)/PDA definition and dimension/PDA indicator and questionnaire/disaster education/categories of environmental education objectives/earthquake hazards and disasters分类
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苏桂武,齐文华,张腾飞,高原,孙磊,魏本勇,裴敏超,郭欣欣..民众灾害意识:概念建构与测量探析[J].灾害学,2026,41(2):1-14,14.基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目"民众地震灾害认知与备灾响应能力的时间变化:地震经历影响诊断"(42577546) （42577546）
国家自然科学基金项目"地震地质灾害风险社区治理中的文化差异:基于参与式情景构建的诊断"(42077442) （42077442）
西藏自治区重大科技专项专题"西藏民众与基层地震灾害意识和防震减灾能力的提升路径"(XZ202402ZD001-105) （XZ202402ZD001-105）
