作物学报2026，Vol.52Issue(4)：982-992,11.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2026.55070
直播油菜单产提升的生理基础及实践途径
Physiological basis and practical strategies for enhancing rapeseed yield under direct seeding
摘要
Abstract
Enhancing the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil and ensuring the security of oil supply represent a critical challenge for oilseed production in China.Rapeseed is a vital source of both edible oil and feed protein.Since 2000,China's rapeseed production system has progressively transitioned from seedling transplantation to a modernized model centered on di-rect-seeding cultivation.Within this systematic technological evolution,a foundational framework for direct-seeding rapeseed production has been largely established.The adoption of rational close planting has not only effectively reduced production costs and enhanced efficiency but has also provided key technological support for safeguarding domestic edible oil supply and promot-ing sustainable agricultural development.However,this new model still faces a series of scientific and technical problems requir-ing urgent resolution.A core research question,particularly under high-density planting conditions,is how to synergistically in-crease yield per unit area and resource use efficiency.Research focus is gradually shifting from constructing macro-level cultiva-tion systems to a deeper analysis of the key agronomic factor–"close planting"–aiming to elucidate the underlying theoretical mechanisms and practical constraints for yield and efficiency gains,thereby guiding future technological breakthroughs.This paper summarizes the development status of direct-seeding rapeseed in China and proposes a developmental stages framework(Stage 1.0 to 4.0).It analyzes the limiting factors for achieving high yield and efficiency under close planting,which manifest as non-synergistic yield components,weak individual plant growth,and severe lodging.Drawing insights from ideal plant architec-ture research in cereal crops,the paper discusses traditional and smart ideal plant architecture traits for lodging-tolerant and high-yielding direct-seeding rapeseed,along with their physiological basis,focusing on efficient biomass accumulation and parti-tioning,improvement of stem strength and lodging resistance,and root-shoot synergy to enhance density tolerance.Pathways for yield improvement and future research directions are further clarified.With ongoing advances in functional gene discovery and technology commercialization,the rapeseed production system is poised to evolve further towards high yield,high efficiency,and intelligentization.关键词
直播油菜/密植/高产生理/限制因素/实践途径Key words
direct-seeded rapeseed/close planting/high-yield physiology/limited factor/practical approaches引用本文复制引用
蒯婕,汪波,周广生,娄洪祥,谭晓强,郜耿东,邵东李,肖胜男,赵杰,徐正华,王晶..直播油菜单产提升的生理基础及实践途径[J].作物学报,2026,52(4):982-992,11.基金项目
本研究由国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD2300303),湖北省专项资金(2023HBSTX4-03)和湖北省重点研发计划项目(2023BBB028)资助.This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFD2300303),the Earmarked Fund of Hubei Province of China(2023HBSTX4-03)and the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province of China(2023BBB028). （2024YFD2300303）
