贵州农业科学2026，Vol.54Issue(3)：1-10,10.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3601.2026.03.001
贵州澳洲坚果果实性状多样性分析与综合评价
Diversity Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation on Fruit Traits of Macadamia in Guizhou
摘要
Abstract
[Objective]The variation and genetic diversity in fruit traits of macadamia germplasm resources were investigated to explore excellent macadamia germplasm resources and provide a reference for creation,improvement and breeding of excellent macadamia germplasm resources in Guizhou.[Method]The diversity in fruit qualitative and quantitative traits of 49 macadamia germplasm resources in Guizhou was comprehensively evaluated.[Result]The variation coefficient(CV)and genetic diversity index(H′)of 14 fruit qualitative traits of 49 macadamia germplasm resources ranged from 17.46%(ventral suture of blue peel fruit)to 56.11%(hilum side pit)and from 0.27(micropyle)to 1.35(stripe distribution on shell fruit surface)respectively.The variation coefficient(CV)and genetic diversity index(H′)of 12 fruit quantitative traits of 49 macadamia germplasm resources ranged from 7.00%(seed emergence rate)to 24.02%(fresh shell fruit weight)and from 1.77(fresh shell fruit weight)to 2.10(seed emergence rate)separately.The cluster analysis showed that 49 macadamia germplasm resources were divide into 6 groups at a Euclidean distance of 12.2.GroupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ and Ⅵ contained 3,4,3,8,11,and 20 macadamia germplasm resources respectively.The correlation analysis showed that the traits of peel thickness,dry shell fruit weight,shell thickness and dry kernel weight had the direction effects on yield indexes of fresh fruit weight,seed emergence rate and kernel rate.The PCA and comprehensive evaluation results showed that the accumulative contribution rate and comprehensive score of 3 principal components(PC1-PC3)were 86.96%,and 0.273(GX002)-0.720(B113)respectively.[Conclusion]There is abundant genetic variation in fruit traits among 49 macadamia germplasm resources in Guizhou.B113,GX006 and C11 germplasm resources belong to large-size fruit germplasm resources.GX005,Wangmo1,B20,A4,B3,Nanya 12 and B73 germplasm resources with higher seed emergence rate and kernel rate can be used as excellent germplasm resources for breeding of excellent macadamia varieties in Guizhou.关键词
澳洲坚果/种质资源/果实/表型性状/质量性状/数量性状/遗传多样性/综合评价Key words
macadamia/germplasm resources/fruit/phenotypic trait/qualitative trait/quantitative trait/genetic diversity/comprehensive evaluation分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
吴榕榕,郭广正,康专苗,王代谷,朱文华,何凤平,张燕,李向勇..贵州澳洲坚果果实性状多样性分析与综合评价[J].贵州农业科学,2026,54(3):1-10,10.基金项目
贵州省林业种苗站林业种苗开发项目"澳洲坚果新品种区域试验"(2025-ZM-19) （2025-ZM-19）
贵州省林业科研项目"3个澳洲坚果优良单株种苗繁育及区域实验研究"(黔林科合[2025]07号) （黔林科合[2025]07号）
国家林业和草原局林业科技创新平台项目"贵州山地澳洲坚果育种长期科研基地"(2020132540) （2020132540）
贵州省农业科学院喀斯特山区作物基因资源与种质创新重点实验室项目"贵州热区特色作物种质创新与高效关键技术研究"(黔农科种质资源[2023]08号) （黔农科种质资源[2023]08号）
