果树学报2026，Vol.43Issue(4)：990-993,4.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20250419
梨新品种京蜜的选育
Breeding report of a new pear cultivar Jingmi
摘要
Abstract
Pear(Pyrus spp.),with over 3000 years of cultivation history,is the third largest fruit in Chi-na with high nutritional value and economic value.As a prominent pear cultivar,Jingbaili(Pyrus ussu-riensis Maxin.'Jingbaili')has been cherished for its high economic value and value of material cultur-al heritage.However,its after-ripening characteristic limits pick-your-own function,due to requirement of 2 weeks of natural after-ripening to achieve the best fruit quality.In order to improve this character,of the Fruit Tree Germplasm Innovation and Green Production Team of the China Agricultural Universi-ty carried out a breeding program targeting earlier-ripening pears with superior appearance,internal quality,high yield and storage capability.In 2002,a cross was made between Jingbaili(female parent)and Nijisseiki(male parent).562 hybrid seeds were obtained.450 seedlings were established in 2003.In 2010-2012,one superior strain,4-14,was selected for early flowering,reliable cropping and out-standing fruit quality.The secondary evaluation on top-grafted trees during 2012-2014 confirmed the stability of these traits.From 2015 to 2020,clonal trees were propagated by budding onto Pyrus betulae-folia rootstocks and evaluated in regional trials across Beijing,Hebei and Liaoning.The superior strain 4-14 was testified distinctive,uniform and stable through consecutive observation on its geographical adaptivity,phenological phases and fruit economic traits.It was officially named Jingmi and was regis-tered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in April 2024(Registration No.CNA20201000017).The trees were vigorous,and upright-spreading.The one-year-old shoots were wavy with short-internode(≈3.5 cm)and densely pubescent.The leaves were 9.57 cm long and 7.64 cm wide on average,with acutely serrated margins,wide wedge-shaped leaf bases,and acuminate api-ces.The flower swere white,5-7 per corymb,blooming in mid to late April.The fruit was conical in shape,the shape index was 0.93,and the average single fruit weight was 233.0 g.The peel was thin,smoothy,and golden-yellow in color at maturity,with small,dense lenticels and minimal russets.The flesh was yellowish white in color,crispy and juicy,and low in stone cells.The soluble solid content was 14.22%,the titratable acidity was 0.12%,the firmness was 3.85 kg·cm-2.The bud burst was in ear-ly April,the fully blooming was in mid to late April.The fruits were harvestable in late August.The pe-riod of fruit development was 140 days.The fruits showed good storage capability under cold tempera-ture storage.It could be cultivated in the areas with similar climates to Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and North-east China.The spacing would be 2.5 m×4.0 m,and the proper pollinizers should be Zaosu,and Yali.The spindle form should be recommended.关键词
梨/新品种/京蜜/杂交选育Key words
Pear/New cultivar/Jingmi/Cross breeding分类
农业科技引用本文复制引用
姜峰,米辰雨,汤思清,王宇盟,刘秋实,兰金成,蒲梅清,朱元娣,李天忠..梨新品种京蜜的选育[J].果树学报,2026,43(4):990-993,4.基金项目
河北省重点研发计划项目(21326308D-02-03) （21326308D-02-03）
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-28) （CARS-28）
