环境与职业医学2026，Vol.43Issue(3)：376-386,11.DOI:10.11836/JEOM25340
农用化学品干扰下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素神经元-垂体促性腺生殖轴功能研究进展
A review on effects of agrochemicals on hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron-pituitary gonadotropic reproductive axis
摘要
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG)axis is the central neuroendocrine regulator of vertebrate reproduction,governing sexual maturation,reproductive function,and endocrine homeostasis through multilevel hormonal cascades.It is also a sensitive target for environmental endocrine disruptors.Hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)neurons and pitu-itary gonadotropes are located upstream of the HPG axis,and are indispensable for reproductive and endocrine functions.Agrochemicals represent a major class of endocrine-disrupting chemicals capable of interfering with GnRH pulsatility as well as the synthesis and release of gonadotropins through multiple pathways.This review summarized recent epidemiological and toxicological ev-idence concerning the effects of insecticides,herbicides,fungicides and plant growth regulators on hypothalamic GnRH neuron-pituitary gonadotropes.It surveyed the evidence linking agro-chemicals exposure to abnormalities in hypothalamic GnRH pulsatility and disturbances in go-nadotropin synthesis and secretion,and further examined the roles of key pathways such as the Kisspeptin/G protein-coupled receptor 54 system,neurotransmitters and signaling molecules,ion channels,as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.Current research remains largely confined to insecticides,with significant limitations in simulating real-world exposure complexity and systematically elucidating underlying toxic mechanisms.Future studies should expand to other agrochemicals classes and integrate emerging approaches such as multi-omics and computational toxicology to systematically identify the integrated mechanisms disrupting upstream HPG axis functions.Such efforts will provide more comprehensive scientific evidence for assessing the reproductive toxicity of agrochemicals.关键词
农用化学品/下丘脑/垂体/促性腺激素释放激素/促性腺激素Key words
agrochemicals/hypothalamus/pituitary/gonadotropin-releasing hormone/go-nadotropins分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
阮艳萍,刘璟..农用化学品干扰下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素神经元-垂体促性腺生殖轴功能研究进展[J].环境与职业医学,2026,43(3):376-386,11.基金项目
浙江省"尖兵""领雁"研发攻关计划项目(2024C03228) （2024C03228）
