环境与职业医学2026，Vol.43Issue(3)：261-269,9.DOI:10.11836/JEOM25411
时域峰度在噪声性听力损伤评估中的研究进展与应用
Research progress and application of time-domain kurtosis in assessment of noise-induced hearing loss
摘要
Abstract
Complex noise is widespread in industrial environments,and its pronounced temporal im-pulsiveness leads to a systematic underestimation of hazard under equal-energy exposure.Recent studies have incorporated time-domain kurtosis(hereafter"kurtosis",β)into exposure charac-terization as a critical complement to energy metrics,clearly revealing the additional risk of noise-induced hearing loss attributable to temporal structure;accordingly,the evaluation paradigm is shifting from"noise energy"to"noise energy+noise temporal characteristics(kur-tosis)."Evidence from epidemiology and animal experiments consistently shows that using kur-tosis-adjusted equivalent sound level or cumulative exposure yields a more consistent dose-re-sponse across different noise types and markedly reduces the underestimation bias of ISO 1999 in high-kurtosis environments.In practice,we recommend full-shift waveform acquisition,calcu-lating kurtosis in 1-minute windows,and using the geometric mean to obtain an overall full-shift kurtosis;alternatively,a segmented adjustment can be applied to derive a kurtosis-adjusted equivalent sound level for risk-based decision-making and task stratification.At the standards and policy level,ISO 1999 revision efforts have placed temporal structure/kurtosis on the agenda and proposed additional corrections for impact/impulsive noise;meanwhile,the evidence indi-cates that as β increases,permissible exposure limits should be reduced more conservatively and monitoring strengthened.This article advocates systematically embedding a kurtosis-adjusted evaluation framework in regulations/guidelines,accompanied by measurement technical specifi-cations,quality control and harmonized algorithms,and industry pilots and training,with phased management provisions based on kurtosis thresholds,thereby advancing hearing protection from"quantity"to"quality."关键词
峰度/复杂噪声/噪声性听力损失/等效声级/累积噪声暴露/ISO 1999/职业接触限值Key words
kurtosis/complex noise/noise-induced hearing loss/equivalent sound level/cumulative noise exposure/ISO 1999/occupational exposure limit分类
医药卫生引用本文复制引用
邱伟,张美辨..时域峰度在噪声性听力损伤评估中的研究进展与应用[J].环境与职业医学,2026,43(3):261-269,9.基金项目
"十四五"国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC2503200,2022YFC2503203) （2022YFC2503200,2022YFC2503203）
嘉兴市新型研发机构创新引导专项项目(2025YDZX027) （2025YDZX027）
美国国立卫生院(NIH)资助项目(1R01DC015990) （NIH）
