气象2026，Vol.52Issue(3)：287-300,14.DOI:10.7519/j.issn.1000-0526.2025.101501
山东南部一次强降水超级单体的成因及雨滴谱特征分析
Formation Mechanism and Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics of a Severe Precipitation Supercell in Southern Shandong
摘要
Abstract
On the night of 12 July 2023,a rarely-seen extreme torrential rain event occurred near Feixian County in Shandong Province,under the influence of a severe precipitation supercell.This study compre-hensively uses multi-source observational data and ERA5 reanalysis data in investigating the circulation background,coupling mechanism of upper-and lower-level jets,characteristics of meso-and small-scale weather systems,and microphysical features of precipitation associated with this extreme event.The re-sults show that this event was driven by the synergistic effect of multi-scale systems.Favorable circulation patterns,ambient wind fields,and water vapor transport provided large-scale background conditions for the short-time heavy rainfall.The rapidly developing southwest boundary layer jet(SW-BLJ)coupled with the synoptic-scale southwest low-level jet(SW-LLJ)over southern Shandong enhanced upward motion in the middle and lower troposphere.Meanwhile,convergence in the middle and lower troposphere,com-bined with upper-level divergence in the northeastern divergent zone of the South Asian high,further strengthened deep-layer upward motion.Under the combined influence of the double low-level jets,me-soscale convective systems developed intensely in southern Shandong,promoting the occurrence of heavy rainfall.Furthermore,the event exhibited mixed characteristics of both tropical maritime and continental convective types.At the initial stage of precipitation,there was a sharp increase in raindrop number con-centration and a significant enlargement of raindrop diameters.During the peak rainfall period,small parti-cles with a mass-weighted mean diameter(Dm)＜2 mm accounted for nearly 85.00％,and the number of large raindrops increased with the intensification of rainfall intensity.In terms of contribution to precipita-tion,although medium-sized particles(2-3 mm)only accounted for 11.77％,they contributed most to precipitation,reaching 32.74％,followed by small particles(1-2 mm).Although particles withDm＜1 mm were the most numerous,accounting for 43.35％,their contribution to precipitation was less than 4.00％.The severe precipitation supercell stage showed an"upscaling"feature.Particles in the 3-4 mm range,although accounting for less than 6.00％in terms of frequency,contributed 30.04％of the total precipitation,while particles with Dm＞6 mm contributed 8.81％to the precipitation.关键词
极端暴雨/强降水超级单体/高低空急流/雨滴谱特征Key words
extreme torrential rain/severe precipitation supercell/upper-and lower-level jets/raindrop size distribution characteristic分类
天文与地球科学引用本文复制引用
朱义青,万夫敬,刘新磊..山东南部一次强降水超级单体的成因及雨滴谱特征分析[J].气象,2026,52(3):287-300,14.基金项目
中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2024-074)、山东省气象局创新团队项目(SDCXTD2023-1)、青岛市气象局重点课题(2023qdqxz02)、山东省气象局榜单类专项项目(2023SDBD08)和山东省气象局科研专项(2023SDYD30)共同资助 （FPZJ2024-074）
