摘要
Abstract
The causes of scaling in industrial circulating water mainly include water quality factors,operating parameters,and system design factors Among these,calcium and magnesium ions are the main components of scaling;for example,high concentrations of Ca2+and Mg2+,especially in the form of bicarbonates,which decompose into carbonate precipitates when heated Thus,excessive water hardness is definitely a contributing factor Additionally,suspended solids and colloids in water can act as crystallization nuclei,promoting scale formation Furthermore,pH value and alkalinity play crucial roles:high pH levels make carbonates more prone to precipitation,while high alkalinity indicates a higher content of bicarbonates,which are easily decomposed.关键词
结垢/钙镁离子/酸洗/预防Key words
scaling/calcium and magnesium ions/acid cleaning/prevention分类
通用工业技术
