物理学进展2026，Vol.46Issue(2)：72-97,26.DOI:10.13725/j.cnki.pip.2026.02.002
太阳光蒸发过程的热力学——动力学描述
Thermodynamic-kinetic description of solar-driven evaporation processes
摘要
Abstract
This paper systematically reviews the thermodynamic and kinetic theoretical framework for solar-driven evaporation processes,aiming to provide a systematic theoretical foundation for this multiscale,multiphysics-coupled photo-thermal evaporation phenomenon.First,from a thermodynamic perspective,it elaborates on the phase equilibrium conditions,free energy structure,and phase diagram representations involved in evaporation,covering vapor-liquid phase equilibrium descriptions for both single-component fluids and multicomponent mixtures.Second,from a kinetic viewpoint,the analysis focuses on pathways to break vapor-liquid phase equilibrium:one involves driving evaporation by altering the thermodynamic state of the gas phase(e.g.,pressure reduction);another involves driving evaporation by modifying the thermodynamic state of the liquid phase(e.g.,localized interfacial heating),which is the core mechanism of photothermal evaporation;and the third introduces kinetic theories based on gas-or liquid-phase diffusion combined with moving boundary conditions under a simpli-fied diffusion-dominated framework.Furthermore,the paper integrates experimental studies on photothermal evaporation to examine the influence of geometric constraints-particularly nanoconfinement effects-on evaporation behavior and energy transport pathways,and reviews engineering application strategies and performance evaluation methods in confined systems,such as two-dimensional water pathways and porous structures.Finally,it outlines current theoretical bottlenecks and future research directions.By integrating thermodynamic equi-librium analysis with kinetic evolution mechanisms,this paper attempts to offer theoretical insights for understanding and designing efficient and stable solar-driven evaporation systems.关键词
太阳光蒸发/热力学/动力学/相平衡/气液相变/纳米受限Key words
solar-driven evaporation/thermodynamics/kinetics/phase equilibrium/liquid-vapor phase transition/nanoconfinement分类
信息技术与安全科学引用本文复制引用
唐传,汤启云,李秀强,马余强,朱嘉..太阳光蒸发过程的热力学——动力学描述[J].物理学进展,2026,46(2):72-97,26.基金项目
本文感谢国家自然科学基金(No:12374207,52525202,12347102),江苏省自然科学基金(No:BK20233001),教育部基础学科和交叉学科突破计划(No:JYB2025XDXM502),以及量子通信与量子计算机重大项目(No:2024ZD0300101)资助. （No:12374207,52525202,12347102）
