液晶与显示2026，Vol.41Issue(3)：319-332,14.DOI:10.37188/CJLCD.2025-0253
基于边界条件约束液晶拓扑缺陷的研究进展
Research progress on topological defects in liquid crystals under boundary conditions
摘要
Abstract
Liquid crystals are anisotropic soft materials that combine fluidity with long-range orientational order,exhibiting pronounced optical,electrical,and mechanical anisotropy,which underpins their widespread use in displays and optical modulation.Furthermore,their unique ordered states also make them ideal model systems for studying symmetry breaking and continuous media order.However,such order is not perfect;defects readily form during self-assembly or under external perturbation.Advances in soft-matter physics and topological field theory have shifted the perception of defects from mere structural imperfections to programmable functional units.In this review,we summarize the origins,classification,and formation mechanisms of defects in liquid crystals,with a focus on their controllable construction via boundary conditions and their emerging applications.First,we outline fundamental defect types,including disclinations and dislocations,and describe their topological characteristics.This is followed by an analysis of the relationship between orientational order and defect formation.We then discuss strategies for regulating defects from three interfacial perspectives:microstructured solid boundaries,spontaneous anchoring at free interfaces,and field-responsive soft fluid interfaces,with an emphasis on spatial and configurational control.Finally,we highlight prospective applications in topological photonics,tunable lasers,microfluidic manipulation,and colloidal assembly.关键词
液晶/拓扑缺陷/调控/取向/界面Key words
liquid crystals/topological defects/manipulation/alignment/interface分类
数理科学引用本文复制引用
吴作用,陈雅丽,林彧轩,张润中,姚丽双..基于边界条件约束液晶拓扑缺陷的研究进展[J].液晶与显示,2026,41(3):319-332,14.基金项目
2023年度广东省科技创新战略专项资金(No.2023B1212020004)Supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Strategy Special Fund(No.2023B1212020004) （No.2023B1212020004）
